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20-Knowledge/Classes/Japanese Core Grammar and Vocabulary Reference.md

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+---
+type: Classes
+title: ALL JAPANESE NOTES
+date: null
+---
+
+Of course. Here are your Japanese language notes, organized by topic with clear markdown headings.
+
+---
+
+## Grammar
+
+### Parts of Speech
+
+- **めいし (名詞)** - Noun
+
+- **どうし (動詞)** - Verb
+
+- **けいようし (形容詞)** - Adjective
+
+- **じょし (助詞)** - Particle
+
+- **しゅご (主語)** - Subject of a sentence
+
+### Particles
+
+- **か** - Placed at the end of a sentence to make it a question.
+
+- **の** - Connects two nouns (Noun 1 + の + Noun 2), where Noun 1 modifies or describes Noun 2.
+
+    - *Example:* 僕**の**傘 (ぼくのかさ) - My umbrella.
+
+- **に**
+
+    - Indicates a specific point in time (e.g., 七月**に** - in July; 午後七時**に** - at 7 pm).
+
+    - Indicates purpose when used with a verb stem (e.g., 泳ぎ**に**行きます - go to swim).
+
+    - Indicates location of existence with verbs like います/あります.
+
+- **で** - Indicates the location where an action takes place or the means by which an action is done ("by").
+
+    - *Example (Location):* 図書館**で**本を読みます (としょかんでほんをよみます) - I read a book at the library.
+
+    - *Example (Means):* 車**で**行きます (くるまでいきます) - I will go by car.
+
+- **も** - Means "also" or "too." When used with location particles に and で, the particle comes first (e.g., 近郊**にも**行きます - I will also go to the suburbs).
+
+- **が** - Marks the subject of a sentence, especially with existence verbs (います/あります) or for the object of liking/disliking with adjectives like 好き (suki).
+
+- **を** - Marks the direct object of a verb.
+
+### Verb Conjugations
+
+#### て-form (Te-form)
+
+The て-form is used to connect verbs, make requests, and in many other grammatical patterns. To convert a dictionary-form verb to its て-form, follow these rules based on the verb's final sound:
+
+- Verbs ending in **う (u), つ (tsu), る (ru)** → change to **って (tte)**
+
+    - *Example:* 会う (au) → 会って (atte); 待つ (matsu) → 待って (matte)
+
+- Verbs ending in **ぬ (nu), む (mu), ぶ (bu)** → change to **んで (nde)**
+
+    - *Example:* 飲む (nomu) → 飲んで (nonde)
+
+- Verbs ending in **く (ku)** → change to **いて (ite)**
+
+    - *Example:* 歩く (aruku) → 歩いて (aruite)
+
+- Verbs ending in **ぐ (gu)** → change to **いで (ide)**
+
+    - *Example:* 泳ぐ (oyogu) → 泳いで (oyoide)
+
+- Verbs ending in **す (su)** → change to **して (shite)**
+
+    - *Example:* 話す (hanasu) → 話して (hanashite)
+
+- **Irregular Verbs:**
+
+    - する (suru) → して (shite)
+
+    - くる (kuru) → きて (kite)
+
+**Usages of the て-form:**
+
+- **〜てください** - Please do...
+
+- **〜てもいいですか** - May I do...?
+
+- **〜てはいけません / 〜てはだめです** - You must not do...
+
+- **〜て〜て...** - To list activities in sequential order. The final verb in the sequence is not in て-form.
+
+- **〜ています** - Present continuous tense (e.g., "I am doing...").
+
+- **まだ + 〜ていません** - I haven't done... yet.
+
+#### Non-Polite (Plain) Form
+
+- **のむ** (nomu - to drink)
+
+    - Negative: のまない (nomanai)
+
+    - Past: のんだ (nonda)
+
+    - Past Negative: のまなかった (nomanakatta)
+
+- **くる** (kuru - to come)
+
+    - Negative: こない (konai)
+
+    - Past: きた (kita)
+
+    - Past Negative: こなかった (konakatta)
+
+- **ある** (aru - to exist, inanimate)
+
+    - Negative: ない (nai)
+
+    - Past: あった (atta)
+
+    - Past Negative: なかった (nakatta)
+
+#### Potential Form ("Can do")
+
+- **Godan Verbs (u-verbs):** Change the final "u" sound to an "e" sound.
+
+    - かく (kaku - to write) → かける (kakeru - can write)
+
+    - はなす (hanasu - to speak) → はなせる (hanaseru - can speak)
+
+- **Ichidan Verbs (ru-verbs):** Remove the final る (ru) and add られる (rareru).
+
+    - たべる (taberu - to eat) → たべられる (taberareru - can eat)
+
+- **Irregular Verbs:**
+
+    - する (suru - to do) → できる (dekiru - can do)
+
+    - くる (kuru - to come) → こられる (korareru - can come)
+
+### Adjective Conjugations
+
+#### い-Adjectives (i-keiyoushi)
+
+- **Negative:** Replace い (i) with **くない (kunai)**.
+
+- **Past:** Replace い (i) with **かった (katta)**.
+
+- **Past Negative:** Replace い (i) with **くなかった (kunakatta)**.
+
+- **Connecting (Te-form):** To link multiple い-adjectives, replace the final い (i) with **くて (kute)**. The final adjective in the list remains in its standard form.
+
+    - *Example:* 新しくて、安いです (atarashikute, yasui desu) - It's new and cheap.
+
+#### な-Adjectives (na-keiyoushi)
+
+- **Negative:** Add **じゃありません (ja arimasen)**.
+
+- **Past:** Add **でした (deshita)**.
+
+- **Past Negative:** Add **じゃありませんでした (ja arimasen deshita)**.
+
+- **Connecting (Te-form):** To link multiple な-adjectives, add **で (de)** after the adjective. The final adjective in the list remains in its standard form.
+
+    - *Example:* 便利で、きれいです (benri de, kirei desu) - It's convenient and clean.
+
+### Sentence Structures
+
+- **Making Invitations:**
+
+    - **〜ませんか (masen ka?)** - Polite invitation ("Would you like to...?").
+
+    - **〜ましょう (mashō)** - Suggestion ("Let's...").
+
+    - **〜ましょうか (mashō ka?)** - Suggestion/Offer ("Shall we...? / Shall I...?").
+
+- **Expressing "I think..." (〜と思います)**: Place と思います (to omoimasu) after a phrase in the non-polite tense.
+
+    - *Nouns & な-Adjectives require だ (da).*
+
+    - *Example:* 明日は雨**だ**と思います (Ashita wa ame da to omoimasu) - I think it will rain tomorrow.
+
+- **Quoting Someone (〜と言います)**: Use 「 」(かぎかっこ - kagikakko) for direct quotes followed by と言います (to iimasu) or と言いました (to iimashita).
+
+    - *Example:* Aさんは「かいぎはごごからです」と言いました - Mr. A said, "The meeting is from the afternoon."
+
+- **Expressing Reason (〜から / 〜ので)**: Both mean "because" or "so." ので (node) is generally more formal/polite than から (kara).
+
+    - *Example:* 仕事を遅くまでした**ので**、集会に遅れました (Shigoto o osoku made shita node, shūkai ni okuremashita) - Because I worked late, I was late to the meeting.
+
+- **Making Comparisons:**
+
+    - **A の方が B より ADJ です** - A is more ADJ than B.
+
+    - *Example:* 日本語の方が英語より難しいです (Nihongo no hō ga eigo yori muzukashii desu) - Japanese is more difficult than English.
+
+- **Expressing Superlatives:**
+
+    - **[Category] の中で [Question Word] が一番 [ADJ] ですか？** - Within [Category], which/what/who is the most [ADJ]?
+
+    - *Example:* 日本りょりの中でどれが一番美味しいですか？(Nihon ryōri no naka de dore ga ichiban oishii desu ka?) - Among Japanese food, which is the most delicious?
+
+- **Expressing Intention (〜つもりです)**: Use a non-polite verb followed by つもりです (tsumori desu) to state you plan to do something.
+
+    - *Example:* 来年に英語のしけんを受ける**つもりです** - I plan to take the English exam next year.
+
+- **Expressing "To Become" (〜になる / 〜くなる)**:
+
+    - **Noun / な-Adjective + になる**: To become a noun or na-adjective.
+
+    - **い-Adjective (stem) + くなる**: To become an i-adjective.
+
+    - *Example:* 薬を飲んで、元気**になりました** - I drank the medicine and became healthy.
+
+    - *Example:* クーラーをつけて、寒**くなりました** - I turned on the A/C and it became cold.
+
+- **Expressing "I want to..." (〜たい)**: Change the ます (masu) form of a verb to 〜たい (tai). Conjugates like an い-adjective.
+
+    - **Want to:** 食べたい (tabetai)
+
+    - **Don't want to:** 食べたくない (tabetakunai)
+
+    - **Wanted to:** 食べたかった (tabetakatta)
+
+    - **Didn't want to:** 食べたくなかった (tabetakunakatta)
+
+- **Expressing someone else wants (〜たがる)**: To describe observations of another person's desire.
+
+    - *Example:* 彼女はかばんを欲し**がっています** - She seems to want the bag.
+
+- **Listing Activities Loosely (〜たり〜たりする)**: Lists example activities without a specific order. The verb form is たり (tari) for all items, ending with します/しました.
+
+    - *Example:* 週末は、本を読ん**だり**、映画を見**たり**します - On weekends I do things like read books and watch movies.
+
+- **Expressing Experience (〜たことがあります)**: Use the past tense (た-form) of a verb followed by ことがあります (koto ga arimasu).
+
+    - *Example:* 富士山に登っ**たことがあります** - I have the experience of climbing Mt. Fuji.
+
+- **Expressing "Too much" (〜すぎる)**:
+
+    - **Verbs:** Add すぎる to the verb stem (e.g., 飲みます → 飲みすぎる).
+
+    - **Adjectives:** Add すぎる to the adjective stem (e.g., 高い → 高すぎる; 静か → 静かすぎる).
+
+    - *Example:* ビールを飲み**すぎて**二日酔いです - I drank too much beer and have a hangover.
+
+- **Giving Advice (〜方がいい)**: "It would be better to..."
+
+    - **Affirmative:** Past tense verb + 方がいい (hō ga ii).
+
+    - **Negative:** Negative verb + 方がいい (hō ga ii).
+
+    - *Example:* 休んだ**方がいい**ですよ - It would be better if you rested.
+
+- **Expressing "Probably" (〜でしょう)**: Used for predictions, especially about the future (like weather).
+
+    - *Example:* 明日は晴れる**でしょう** - It will probably be sunny tomorrow.
+
+- **Listing Multiple Reasons (〜し)**: Used to list multiple reasons for a result.
+
+    - *Example:* お金がない**し**、雨が降っている**し**、家で本を読みます - I have no money and it's raining, so I'll read a book at home.
+
+- **Expressing "Seems to be..." (〜そうです)**: Used to describe an impression based on appearance.
+
+    - *Example:* 彼女は嬉し**そうです** - She seems happy.
+
+---
+
+## Vocabulary
+
+### Nouns
+
+#### People & Titles
+
+- **うんてんしゅ (運転手)** - Driver
+
+- **おとしより (お年寄り)** - Elderly person
+
+- **かいしゃいん (会社員)** - Office worker
+
+- **かいたくしゃ (開拓者)** - Pioneer
+
+- **きょうし (教師)** - Teacher (formal term)
+
+- **きょうだい (兄弟)** - Spiritual Brother
+
+- **しゃちょう (社長)** - Boss / Company President
+
+- **せんせい (先生)** - Teacher (honorific)
+
+- **ちょうろ (長老)** - Elder
+
+- **りきし (力士) / おすもうさん** - Sumo Wrestler
+
+#### Places
+
+- **いえ (家)** - House
+
+- **おうこくかいかん (王国会館)** - Kingdom Hall
+
+- **きょうしつ (教室)** - Classroom
+
+- **きんこう (近郊)** - Suburbs
+
+- **くうこう (空港)** - Airport
+
+- **こうえん (公園)** - Park
+
+- **しやくしょ (市役所)** - City Hall
+
+- **ちかてつ (地下鉄)** - Subway
+
+- **としょかん (図書館)** - Library
+
+- **びじゅつかん (美術館)** - Art Museum
+
+- **みんしゅく (民宿)** - Bed & Breakfast (like Airbnb)
+
+- **ゆうびんきょく (郵便局)** - Post office
+
+#### Time & Frequency
+
+- **あさって (明後日)** - The day after tomorrow
+
+- **いちにちじゅう (一日中)** - All day
+
+- **いつ (itsu)** - When
+
+- **おととい (一昨日)** - Two days ago
+
+- **ごご (午後)** - Afternoon (PM)
+
+- **こんど (今度)** - Next time
+
+- **しあさって (明明後日)** - Two days after tomorrow
+
+- **しちがつ (七月)** - July
+
+- **しゅう (週)** - Week
+
+- **しょうがつ (正月) / しんねん (新年)** - New Years
+
+- **たいかんおんど (体感温度)** - "Feels like" temperature
+
+- **としにいちど (年に一度)** - Once a year
+
+- **ひるね (昼寝)** - Afternoon nap
+
+- **まいしゅう (毎週)** - Every week
+
+- **もうすぐ (mō sugu)** - Very soon
+
+- **やすみ (休み)** - Holiday / Day off
+
+- **ゆうがた (夕方)** - Early evening
+
+- **ゆうね (夕寝)** - Evening nap
+
+#### Food & Drink
+
+- **ごはん (ご飯)** - Cooked rice / Meal
+
+- **しお (塩)** - Salt
+
+- **すきやき (すき焼き)** - Sukiyaki
+
+- **にんじん (人参)** - Carrots
+
+- **のこりもの (残り物)** - Leftovers
+
+- **ひやしちゅうか (冷やし中華)** - Cold Ramen
+
+- **やきにく (焼き肉)** - BBQ / Grilled meat
+
+- **やしょく (夜食)** - Late night snack
+
+#### Objects & Concepts
+
+- **いさん (遺産)** - Heritage / Legacy
+
+- **えんぴつ (鉛筆)** - Pencil
+
+- **かばん (kaban)** - Bag
+
+- **かみ (髪)** - Hair
+
+- **きねんしき (記念式)** - Memorial / Commemoration
+
+- **きもち (気持ち)** - Feeling
+
+- **きょか (許可)** - Permission
+
+- **くつ (靴)** - Shoes
+
+- **くるま (車)** - Car
+
+- **けいたい (携帯)** - Cell phone
+
+- **こくばん (黒板)** - Blackboard
+
+- **ことば (言葉)** - Word
+
+- **じゅぎょう (授業)** - Class / Lesson
+
+- **しごと (仕事)** - Job / Work
+
+- **しつもん (質問)** - Question
+
+- **しりょう (資料)** - Documents / Data
+
+- **しんぶん (新聞)** - Newspaper
+
+- **せいかつひ (生活費)** - Living expenses
+
+- **せいしょ (聖書)** - Bible
+
+- **せき (席)** - Seat
+
+- **せんこう (専攻)** - Major (in school)
+
+- **たいせい (体制)** - System / Structure
+
+- **たばこ (tabako)** - Tobacco / Cigarette
+
+- **ちゅうもん (注文)** - Order
+
+- **つくえ (机)** - Desk
+
+- **てぶくろ (手袋)** - Gloves
+
+- **でんしゃ (電車)** - Train
+
+- **でんわ (電話)** - Telephone
+
+- **とけい (時計)** - Clock
+
+- **にがて (苦手)** - Weak point / Something one is not good at
+
+- **パソコン (pasokon)** - Personal computer
+
+- **ひっこし (引越)** - Moving (house)
+
+- **ふね (船)** - Ship
+
+- **ぼうし (帽子)** - Hat
+
+- **みどり (緑)** - Greenery
+
+- **めがね (megane)** - Glasses
+
+- **りょこう (旅行)** - Trip / Travel
+
+- **りょうり (料理)** - Cooking / Dish
+
+- **リュックサック (ryukkusakku)** - Backpack
+
+- **れきし (歴史)** - History
+
+#### Nature & Animals
+
+- **あき (秋)** - Autumn
+
+- **かめ (亀)** - Turtle
+
+- **きせつ (季節)** - Season
+
+- **さかな (魚)** - Fish
+
+- **てんき (天気)** - Weather
+
+- **なつ (夏)** - Summer
+
+- **はちゅうるい (爬虫類)** - Reptiles
+
+- **はる (春)** - Spring
+
+- **ふゆ (冬)** - Winter
+
+- **むし (虫)** - Insect
+
+- **もり (森)** - Forest
+
+- **ゆき (雪)** - Snow
+
+### Verbs
+
+#### Basic Actions
+
+- **あう (会う)** - To meet
+
+- **あきらめる (諦める)** - To give up
+
+- **あるく (歩く)** - To walk
+
+- **いう (言う)** - To say
+
+- **いく (行く)** - To go
+
+- **いる (要る)** - To need
+
+- **うける (受ける)** - To attend / To take (an exam)
+
+- **うんてんする (運転する)** - To drive
+
+- **おくる (送る)** - To send
+
+- **おくれる (遅れる)** - To be late
+
+- **おしえる (教える)** - To teach / To tell
+
+- **おく (置く)** - To put
+
+- **およぐ (泳ぐ)** - To swim
+
+- **かう (飼う)** - To keep / raise (a pet)
+
+- **かかる (掛かる)** - To take (time/money)
+
+- **かす (貸す)** - To lend
+
+- **かりる (借りる)** - To borrow / To rent
+
+- **きく (聴く)** - To listen
+
+- **こわれる (壊れる)** - To break (intransitive)
+
+- **こわす (壊す)** - To break (transitive)
+
+- **さんかする (参加する)** - To participate
+
+- **しめる (閉める)** - To close
+
+- **しる (知る)** - To know
+
+- **すう (吸う)** - To smoke / To inhale
+
+- **する (suru)** - To do
+
+- **そうじする (掃除する)** - To clean
+
+- **たべる (食べる)** - To eat
+
+- **たすける (助ける)** - To help (serious situation)
+
+- **ちがう (違う)** - To be different
+
+- **つかう (使う)** - To use
+
+- **つける (付ける)** - To turn on
+
+- **つくる (作る)** - To make
+
+- **てつだう (手伝う)** - To help (assist)
+
+- **でかける (出かける)** - To go out
+
+- **とまる (止まる)** - To stop
+
+- **とめる (止める)** - To stop / To park
+
+- **とる (撮る)** - To take (a photo)
+
+- **なくす (無くす)** - To lose
+
+- **ならう (習う)** - To learn (from a teacher)
+
+- **なる (naru)** - To become
+
+- **のむ (飲む)** - To drink
+
+- **はなす (話す)** - To speak
+
+- **はしる (走る)** - To run
+
+- **はたらく (働く)** - To work
+
+- **ひく (弾く)** - To play (a stringed instrument, piano)
+
+- **ふく (吹く)** - To play (a wind instrument) / To blow
+
+- **まつ (待つ)** - To wait
+
+- **むかえる (迎える)** - To welcome / To meet
+
+- **もらう (morau)** - To receive
+
+- **よむ (読む)** - To read
+
+- **わかる (分かる)** - To understand
+
+#### Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs
+
+- **あく (開く)** - To be open (intransitive)
+
+- **あける (開ける)** - To open (transitive)
+
+- **しまる (閉まる)** - To be closed (intransitive)
+
+- **しめる (閉める)** - To close (transitive)
+
+- **つく (付く)** - To be on (intransitive)
+
+- **つける (付ける)** - To turn on (transitive)
+
+- **こわれる (壊れる)** - To break (intransitive)
+
+- **こわす (壊す)** - To break (transitive)
+
+### Adjectives
+
+#### い-Adjectives
+
+- **あかるい (明るい)** - Bright
+
+- **あたたかい (温かい)** - Warm
+
+- **あたらしい (新しい)** - New
+
+- **あつい (暑い)** - Hot (weather)
+
+- **あまい (甘い)** - Sweet
+
+- **いそがしい (忙しい)** - Busy
+
+- **いたみ (痛い)** - Painful
+
+- **うるさい (騒い)** - Noisy
+
+- **おいしい (美味しい)** - Delicious
+
+- **おおい (多い)** - Many
+
+- **おおきい (大きい)** - Big
+
+- **おそい (遅い)** - Slow
+
+- **おもい (重い)** - Heavy
+
+- **からい (辛い)** - Spicy
+
+- **かるい (軽い)** - Light (weight)
+
+- **かわいい (可愛い)** - Cute
+
+- **さむい (寒い)** - Cold (weather)
+
+- **しおからい (塩辛い)** - Salty
+
+- **すずしい (涼しい)** - Cool (weather)
+
+- **せがたかい (背が高い)** - Tall (height)
+
+- **たかい (高い)** - High / Expensive
+
+- **ちかい (近い)** - Near
+
+- **ちいさい (小さい)** - Small
+
+- **つまらない (tsumaranai)** - Boring
+
+- **とおい (遠い)** - Far
+
+- **はやい (速い)** - Fast / Quick
+
+- **ふるい (古い)** - Old
+
+- **ほしい (欲しい)** - Want (something)
+
+- **むずかしい (難しい)** - Difficult
+
+- **やさしい (優しい)** - Easy / Kind
+
+- **やすい (安い)** - Cheap
+
+- **よい (yoi) / いい (ii)** - Good
+
+- **わるい (悪い)** - Bad
+
+#### な-Adjectives
+
+- **かんたん (簡単)** - Easy / Simple
+
+- **きれい (綺麗)** - Pretty / Clean
+
+- **げんき (元気)** - Healthy / Lively
+
+- **しずか (静か)** - Quiet
+
+- **じょうず (上手)** - Skilled
+
+- **しんせつ (親切)** - Kind
+
+- **すき (好き)** - Likeable
+
+- **たいへん (大変)** - Difficult / Hard
+
+- **とくい (得意)** - Strong point / Good at
+
+- **にぎやか (賑やか)** - Lively (atmosphere)
+
+- **ひま (暇)** - Free (time) / Bored
+
+- **へた (下手)** - Unskilled
+
+- **べんり (便利)** - Convenient
+
+- **ゆうめい (有名)** - Famous
+
+#### Feelings of Like/Dislike (Scale)
+
+- **だいすき (大好き)** - To love / like very much
+
+- **すき (好き)** - To like
+
+- **きらい (嫌い)** - To dislike
+
+- **だいきらい (大嫌い)** - To hate / dislike very much
+
+### Adverbs & Expressions
+
+- **あまり (amari) + negative** - Not often
+
+- **ぐらい (gurai) / ほど (hodo)** - About / Approximately
+
+- **じゃあ (jā)** - Well then... / So...
+
+- **じつは (実は)** - Actually
+
+- **ずっと (zutto)** - Much / A lot (for comparisons)
+
+- **ぜんぜん (zenzen) + negative** - Not at all / Never
+
+- **たくさん (takusan)** - A lot / Plenty
+
+- **たまに (tamani)** - Occasionally
+
+- **ときどき (時々)** - Sometimes
+
+- **まずい (mazui)** - Bad tasting / Awkward
+
+- **まっすぐ (真っ直ぐ)** - Straight ahead
+
+- **まあまあ (māmā)** - So-so
+
+- **もういちど (もう一度)** - One more time
+
+- **よく (yoku)** - Often
+
+- **ゆっくり (yukkuri)** - Slowly
+
+### Counting
+
+#### General Counter (〜つ)
+
+- **ひとつ (一つ)** - One
+
+- **ふたつ (二つ)** - Two
+
+- **みっつ (三つ)** - Three
+
+- **よっつ (四つ)** - Four
+
+- **いつつ (五つ)** - Five
+
+- **むっつ (六つ)** - Six
+
+- **ななつ (七つ)** - Seven
+
+- **やっつ (八つ)** - Eight
+
+- **ここのつ (九つ)** - Nine
+
+- **とお (十)** - Ten
+
+- **いくつ (ikutsu)** - How many?
+
+#### People (〜にん)
+
+- **ひとり (一人)** - One person
+
+- **ふたり (二人)** - Two people
+
+- **さんにん (三人)** - Three people
+
+- **よにん (四人)** - Four people
+
+- **なんにん (何人)** - How many people?
+
+---
+
+## Phrases & Greetings
+
+- **おはよう** - Good morning
+
+- **よろしくお願いします (よろしくおねがいします)** - Nice to meet you / Please take care of me
+
+- **おだいじに (お大事に)** - Take care (when someone is sick)
+
+- **ただいま** - I'm home
+
+- **おかえり** - Welcome back
+
+- **いってきます** - I'm leaving
+
+- **いってらっしゃい** - Have a good day / See you later
+
+- **いただきます** - Said before eating
+
+- **おなかがすきます** - I'm hungry
+
+- **のどがかわきました** - I'm thirsty
+
+- **なにがあったんですか？** - What happened?
+
+---
+
+## Cultural & Miscellaneous Notes
+
+### Cultural Notes
+
+- **Rucksack:** The Japanese word for backpack, **リュックサック (ryukkusakku)**, comes directly from the German word "Rucksack."
+
+- **苦手 (nigate) vs. 下手 (heta):**
+
+    - **苦手 (nigate)** - "Weak point." A subjective view someone has about their own abilities.
+
+    - **下手 (heta)** - "Unskilled." An objective view, often used to describe someone else's abilities.
+
+- **結婚しています (kekkon shiteimasu):** In Japanese, being married is described as an ongoing state using the 〜ています form, unlike in English where "get married" is a one-time event.
+
+### Administrative Info
+
+- **Teacher:** Kakuta-san (based in Beijing)
+
+- **Zoom/Payment Info:**
+
+    - 03/26/2025: 838 9008 0604 | 668
+
+    - 04/09/2025: 768 0333 4964 | 171836
+
+    - 04/23/2025: 833 4517 2105 | 55463
+
+    - 04/28/2025: 842 3914 4601 | 522778
+
+        - SWIFTコード：LTCBJPJT / LTCBJPJTHED
+
+        - SBI Shinsei Bank, LTD., HEAD OFFICE Branch
+
+        - Account: 400 2019287, Name: Shigeta Kakuta
+
+        - Address: #301 Senriyamasatsukibira, 18-2 Senriyama Takezono, Suita-shi, Osaka-fu 565-0852 Japan
+
+        - Payment: $150
+
+    - 05/05/2025: 862 2633 6175 | 22103
+
+    - 05/12/2025: 84399475549 | 95233
+
+    - 05/21/2025: 72195102577 | 88290
+
+    - 05/28/2025: 88626507956 | 73336
+
+        - Payment: $116.62
+
+    - 06/04/2025: 84335996063 | 784569
+
+    - 06/11/2025: 78590415279 | 9971004
+
+    - 06/16/2025: 73845262073 | 000238
+
+    - 06/25/2025: 87521766642 | 1130
+
+    - 07/02/2025: 83815179846 | 66351
+
+    - 07/09/2025: 83848704078 | 55301
+
+    - 07/16/2025: 83848704078 | 55301
+
+    - 07/23/2025: 83848704078 | 55301
+
+    - 08/04/2025: 74915888180 | 8823
+
+    - 08/13/2025: 88069936933 | 00065
+
+    - 08/20/2025: 89807623219 | 952
+
+    - 08/27/2025: 82984214242 | 46315
+
+    - 09/03/2025: 79674766584 | 0173
+