From 6aef65ff909e6911e571b10feed29dfce713e6ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Spencer Grimes Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2025 12:02:16 +0900 Subject: [PATCH] "vault backup: 2025-11-06 12:02:16 from Flow" --- 10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Synopsis_2025-11-03.md | 7 ------- 20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Synopsis_2025-11-03.md diff --git a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Synopsis_2025-11-03.md b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Synopsis_2025-11-03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 613d936..0000000 --- a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Synopsis_2025-11-03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Japanese Class Synopsis (Week of 2025-10-30) - -Here is a quick synopsis of the main grammar points for your reference. - -* **Difficulty (`-にくい`):** To say something is difficult to do, add `-にくい` to the verb stem (e.g., `食べにくい` - hard to eat). -* **Receiving Favors (`〜てもらいます`):** Use this when you receive an action or favor from someone else. The focus is on you, the receiver. -* **Polite Requests (`〜ていただけませんか`):** This is a very polite and formal way to ask someone to do something for you, essentially "Would you please do...?" diff --git a/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md b/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md index 50a93e0..6f8b452 100644 --- a/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md +++ b/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md @@ -73,13 +73,12 @@ Used to express intention or suggestion in a non-polite way. The potential form in Japanese is used to express **ability** or **possibility** (e.g., "can do," "is able to"). Once a verb is in its potential form, it functions grammatically as a **Group 2 (Ichidan) verb**. ##### 1. How to Form Potential Verbs (Conjugation) - -| Verb Group | Base Form (Dictionary) | Conjugation Rule | Potential Form (Plain) | Example | -| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | -| **Group 1** (Godan/U-verbs) | Ends in a U-row kana | Change the final U-sound to the equivalent **E-sound** and add **る** ($U ightarrow E + る$) | $E-る$ verb | **話す** (hanasu - to speak) $ ightarrow$ **話せる** (hanaseru - can speak) | -| **Group 2** (Ichidan/Ru-verbs) | Ends in **る** (preceded by E or I sound) | Replace **る** with **られる** ($る ightarrow られる$) | $られる$ verb | **食べる** (taberu - to eat) $ ightarrow$ **食べられる** (taberareru - can eat) | -| **Irregular** (する) | **する** (suru - to do) | Special exception | **できる** (dekiru - can do) | | -| **Irregular** (来る) | **来る** (kuru - to come) | Special exception | **来られる** (korareru - can come) | | +| Verb Group | Base Form (Dictionary) | Conjugation Rule | Potential Form (Plain) | Example | +| :----------------------------- | :--------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------- | +| **Group 1** (Godan/U-verbs) | Ends in a U-row kana | Change the final U-sound to the equivalent **E-sound** and add **る** ($U \rightarrow E + る$) | $E-る$ verb | **話す** (hanasu - to speak) $\rightarrow$ **話せる** (hanaseru - can speak) | +| **Group 2** (Ichidan/Ru-verbs) | Ends in **る** (preceded by E or I sound) | Replace **る** with **られる** ($る \rightarrow られる$) | $られる$ verb | **食べる** (taberu - to eat) $\rightarrow$ **食べられる** (taberareru - can eat) | +| **Irregular** (する) | **する** (suru - to do) | Special exception | **できる** (dekiru - can do) | | +| **Irregular** (来る) | **来る** (kuru - to come) | Special exception | **来られる** (korareru - can come) | | ###### 📝 Note: The ら-Drop (ら抜き言葉) In casual speech, especially for Group 2 verbs, the *ら* (ra) is often dropped. @@ -92,7 +91,8 @@ In casual speech, especially for Group 2 verbs, the *ら* (ra) is often dropped. The most important grammatical rule for potential verbs is the change in the direct object particle. -###### Particle Change: を (o) $ ightarrow$ が (ga) +###### Particle Change: を (o) $ +ightarrow$ が (ga) When a transitive verb is put into the potential form, the direct object particle usually changes from **を** (*o*) to **が** (*ga*).