"vault backup: 2025-12-04 11:28:01 from Flow"
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# Homework
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- Make 4 sentences using **bùdàn...érqiě...** for weather related things.
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- Jīntiān bùdàn hen Rè érqiě Qíngtiān
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# Random Words
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- 軍隊 -> ぐんたい -> Military
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- おく -> Billion
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- 年を取る -> としをとる -> To become old
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- 着く -> つく -> to arrive
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- 官憲します -> かんけんします -> To do an expedition
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- 切る -> きる -> to turn off/cut off
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- 消す -> けす -> to turn off/make disappear
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- 自動チェックイン -> じどうチェックイン -> Self Check-in
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# Main Point
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## Confirmation Conditions (ら)
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- When your waiting for a certain situation to occur, you can stick なったら after it to show that its something that is expected to occur, saying "When the situation becomes this...."
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### Examples
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- 彼女は二十歳**なったら**、会社に入社します。
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- **After** the girl turns 20, then she can enter the work force
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- 年を取ったら、田舎に住みたい
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- When I grow old, I want to live on the country side
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- Note, there's no なる here, you can use ら after any verb.
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- 駅に着いたら, 電話してください
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- When you get to the station, please give me a call
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- 今日は家に帰ったら、何をしますか。
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- When you return home today, what will you do?
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- Asking questions
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## Need Not To (なくてもいいです)
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- If you want to say you don't need someone to do something, you can add "なくてもいいです" after the verb.
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- Using just Verb Stem -てもいいです is like asking something to do something very kindly. Like saying "its ok if you turn on the AC".
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### Examples
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- ホテルでかばんを持たなくてもいいです。
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- At the hotel, its ok if you don't hold my bags//don't need to hold my bags
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- 日曜日は早く起きなくてもいいです
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- On Sundays, its ok to not wake up early.
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- 日曜日は仕事に行かなくてもいいです
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- I don't need to go to work on Sundays
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- AIがあったら、仕事をしなくてもいいです
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- If there's AI, we don't need to work
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- 自動チェックインをしたら、カウンターに行かなくてもいいです.
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- If you use self check in, you don't need to go to the counter
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-
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# Synopsis from 2025-12-04 Class
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This week's lesson covered two main grammar points in detail:
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1. **The Conditional `(た)ら`:**
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* **What it is:** A highly common and versatile way to say "if" or "when." It's used to connect two clauses, where the first clause is a condition that must be met for the second clause to happen.
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* **How to form it:** You take the plain past tense of a verb (the `た-form`) and simply add `ら`. For example, `着く` (tsuku, to arrive) becomes `着いた` (tsuita), and then you add `ら` to get `着いたら` (tsuitara, "when/if you arrive").
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- **For adjectives and nouns:**
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- い-Adjectives: Change the final `い` to `かったら`. (e.g., `寒い` -> `寒かったら` - if it's cold)
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- な-Adjectives/Nouns: Add `だったら`. (e.g., `暇` -> `暇だったら` - if you're free)
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* **When to use it:** It's great for both guaranteed future events ("**When** I turn 20, I will...") and hypotheticals ("**If** I won the lottery, I would..."). It strongly implies that the first action *must* happen before the second can begin.
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2. **Expressing "No Need To" with `なくてもいいです`:**
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* **What it is:** This pattern is used to tell someone that they are not obligated to do something. It's a polite way of saying "You don't have to..." or "It's okay if you don't..."
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* **How to form it:** Take the plain negative `ない` form of a verb. For example, `持つ` (motsu, to hold) becomes `持たない` (motanai). Then, you drop the final `い` and add `くてもいいです`. So, `持たない` becomes `持たなくてもいいです` (motanakutemo ii desu, "you don't have to hold it").
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* **When to use it:** Use this to grant permission *not* to do something. It's the gentle opposite of giving a command. For instance, at a friend's house, you might be told `靴を脱がなくてもいいです` (kutsu o nuganakutemo ii desu), meaning "It's okay if you don't take off your shoes."
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@@ -251,16 +251,29 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u
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- *明日は天気予報によると寒くなるそうです。* (I heard from the weather report that it will get cold tomorrow.)
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- *週末は天気予報によると嵐になるそうです。* (I heard from the weather report that it will become stormy this weekend.)
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- **Confirmation Conditions (ら)** - 2025-12-04: When you're waiting for a certain situation to occur, you can stick なったら after it to show that it's something that is expected to occur, saying "When the situation becomes this....".
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- **Confirmation Conditions (ら)** - 2025-12-04: This pattern is used to express a conditional, similar to "if" or "when" in English. It's formed by taking the past tense plain form of a verb (the た-form) and adding `ら`. It indicates that the second clause of the sentence will happen after the condition in the first clause is met. This is a very common and versatile conditional form.
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- **Formation:**
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- Verb (た-form) + ら
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- い-Adjective (stem) + かったら
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- な-Adjective / Noun + だったら
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- **Key Usage:**
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- Indicates a specific, often one-time, condition and result.
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- Can be used for things that are certain to happen (e.g., "When I turn 20...") or hypothetical situations.
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- Often used when the first action is a necessary prerequisite for the second.
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- **Examples**:
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- *彼女は二十歳**なったら**、会社に入社します。* - **After** the girl turns 20, then she can enter the work force.
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- *年を取ったら、田舎に住みたい* - When I grow old, I want to live on the country side.
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- Note, there's no なる here, you can use ら after any verb.
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- *駅に着いたら, 電話してください* - When you get to the station, please give me a call.
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- *今日は家に帰ったら、何をしますか。* - When you return home today, what will you do? (Asking questions)
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- **Need Not To (なくてもいいです)** - 2025-12-04: If you want to say you don't need someone to do something, you can add "なくてもいいです" after the verb.
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- Using just Verb Stem -てもいいです is like asking something to do something very kindly. Like saying "its ok if you turn on the AC".
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- **Need Not To (なくてもいいです)** - 2025-12-04: This grammatical pattern expresses that there is no necessity to perform an action. It's the equivalent of saying "you don't have to..." or "it's okay if you don't..." in English. It's formed by taking the negative `ない` form of a verb, dropping the final `い`, and adding `くてもいいです`.
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- **Formation:**
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- Verb (ない-form, drop い) + くてもいいです
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- Example: `行く` (iku) -> `行かない` (ikanai) -> `行かなくてもいいです` (ikanakutemo ii desu)
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- **Key Usage:**
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- Grants permission *not* to do something.
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- It is the opposite of `〜なければなりません` (must do) and `〜てはいけません` (must not do).
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- It's a softer, more polite expression than a direct command.
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- **Examples**:
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- *ホテルでかばんを持たなくてもいいです。* - At the hotel, its ok if you don't hold my bags//don't need to hold my bags.
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- *日曜日は早く起きなくてもいいです* - On Sundays, its ok to not wake up early.
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