"vault backup: 2025-12-23 14:48:32 from Flow"

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# Last Weeks Homework # Last Weeks Homework
# Synopsis from 2025-12-11 Class # Synopsis from 2025-12-11 Class
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| **To begin** | 始める (hajimeru) | 始まる (hajimaru) | | **To begin** | 始める (hajimeru) | 始まる (hajimaru) |
| **To finish** | 終える (oeru) | 終わる (owaru) | | **To finish** | 終える (oeru) | 終わる (owaru) |
Remember, the most reliable way to know is to see which particle is used. When you learn a new verb, try to learn its pair at the same time! Remember, the most reliable way to know is to see which particle is used. When you learn a new verb, try to learn its pair at the same time!

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# Synopsis from 2025-12-11 Class # Synopsis from 2025-12-23 Class
This week's lesson covered two main grammar points: This week's lesson covered three main points:
1. **Cause and Effect with (と):** Using 「と」 to connect a cause and its natural, inevitable effect (e.g., "If I eat, I get sleepy").
1. **~みたいです (Looks Like):** 2. **Sequencing with (てから):** Using the て-form of a verb followed by 「から」 to clearly indicate that one action happens *after* another is completed (e.g., "After I shower, I will eat").
* Used to create similes or make observations. 3. **Transitive (他動詞) vs. Intransitive (自動詞) Verbs:** Understanding the fundamental difference between verbs that take a direct object (marked with を) and verbs that describe a state change on their own (marked with が).
* Can be used with verbs (plain form), nouns, and adjectives.
* With nouns, it creates a metaphor ("like a computer").
* With verbs and adjectives, it's more of an observation ("looks like he is tired").
2. **前に (Before):**
* Indicates that one action happens before another.
* Used with a verb in its dictionary form or a noun with `の`.
* The verb in the `前に` clause is always non-past, non-polite.
- Make 5 example sentences with `みたいです`
- Make 5 example sentences with `前に`
- Review the new vocabulary
- Read the synthesized notes and prepare for next class

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- **いただきます** - Said before eating - **いただきます** - Said before eating
- **おなかがすきます** - I'm hungry - **おなかがすきます** - I'm hungry
- **のどがかわきました** - I'm thirsty - **のどがかわきました** - I'm thirsty
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## 2025-12-23 Entry
### Grammar
- **Cause and Effect with (と)**: Used to show a direct cause and effect relationship, similar to "if" or "when" in English, but with a strong sense of certainty that the result will follow the cause.
- **Formation**:
- **Verb (dictionary form) + と**
- **Key Usage**: The result in the second clause is a natural or inevitable consequence of the action in the first clause.
- **Examples**:
- *うまくいくと, いいですね* - If things go smoothly, it'll be good.
- *ご飯を食べると、ねむくなります。* - If I eat lunch, I'll then become sleepy.
- **Connecting Verbs with (てから)**: This pattern is used to show that one action takes place after another action is completed. It clarifies the sequence of events.
- **Formation**:
- **Verb (て-form) + から**
- **Key Usage**: Emphasizes the completion of the first action before the second one begins.
- **Examples**:
- *シャワーを浴びてから、ご飯を食べます* - After I take a shower, I will eat.
- *宿題が終わってから、寝ます。* - After I finish my homework, I will sleep.
- **Transitive (他動詞) and Intransitive (自動詞) Verbs**: This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between verbs that require a direct object and those that do not.
- **Transitive Verbs (他動詞 - tadoushi)**:
- An action done *by* a subject *to* an object.
- The object is marked with the particle **を (o)**.
- *Example: 私が電気**を**つけます。* (I turn on the light.)
- **Intransitive Verbs (自動詞 - jidoushi)**:
- An action that happens *on its own*. There is no direct object.
- The subject is marked with the particle **が (ga)**.
- *Example: 電気**が**つきます。* (The light is on.)
- **Common Pairs**: Many verbs come in pairs. Learning them together is an effective way to master their usage.
- 開ける (akeru - to open) / 開く (aku - to be open)
- 閉める (shimeru - to close) / 閉まる (shimaru - to be closed)
- 入れる (ireru - to put in) / 入る (hairu - to enter)
- 出す (dasu - to take out) / 出る (deru - to go out)
- 消す (kesu - to turn off) / 消える (kieru - to disappear)
### Vocabulary
- **Verbs**:
- **出す (だす)**: To put out, to submit (Transitive)
- **Adjectives**:
- **上手い (うまい)**: Smoothly, skillful (い-Adjective)
- **懐かしい (なつかしい)**: Nostalgic (い-Adjective)