From 9bf16996dbccc91da9cf9768a3342b62465f78fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Spencer Grimes Date: Thu, 29 Jan 2026 22:48:30 -0600 Subject: [PATCH] "vault backup: 2026-01-29 22:48:30 from Flow" --- 10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-21.md | 70 ------------------- 10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-28.md | 6 +- 10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md | 2 +- .../Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md | 68 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-21.md diff --git a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-21.md b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-21.md deleted file mode 100644 index b6d8a46..0000000 --- a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ ---- -processed: true ---- -# Last Weeks Homework -Synopsis for Japanese Class_2026-01-14.md: -This class covered new vocabulary including `少しずつ` (little by little), `自由` (freedom), and `自動販売機` (vending machine). New grammar points included connecting sentences with `と` for natural consequences, and using `ながら` for multi-tasking. - -# Random Words -- 育てる -> そだてる -> To Raise (transitive) -- 育つ -> そだつ -> To raise (intransitive) -- 習慣 -> しゅうかん -> Habit/Custom -- 変わる -> かわる -> To change (intransitive) -- 変える -> かえる　-> To change (transitive) -- 噓をつく -> To Tell a lie - -# Main Point -## Using の as a placeholder -You can use の as a placeholder for an aforementioned object. We know this already - -A: 何が好きですか？ -B:　時計が好きです。 -A:　どちらのが好きです？ -B：たかいのがすきです。 - -For verbs, we can't use a conjugated form, we have to use the dictionary form (ふつうけい), and then stick の　after it. This changes the verb to a noun, and makes it available to use as a subject/topic - -歌うのは楽しいです - -The verb is 歌う, which is a verb. We stick の after it, the dictionary form, and this turns it into a noun. It can be in present or past tense, and it can be in positive or negative form, but it has to be in regular form, NOT polite form. - -- 温泉に入るのが好きです - - I like being in an Onsen -- 携帯を使いながら自転車に乗るのは危ないです - - Using a phone while riding a bike is dangerous -- 子供を育てるのは大変です。 - - Raising a child is very hard -- 習慣を変えるのは難しいです - - Changing a habit is difficult -- 一か月でN1の試験に合格するのは無理です - - It's impossible to pass the N1 exam in just one month. -- 噓をつくのはまずいです - - Lying is bad -- 私はAさんが中国語を勉強しているのを知っています - - I know that A-san is studying Chinese - - Notice: you can use の for other things to, not just before は. It turns the entire verb phrase into a noun. -- 私はAさんがタバコを吸わないのを知っています - - I know that Aーさん doesn't smoke. - - Notice: You can use it for negative sentences too. -- 彼はBさんたちが来月に結婚するのを知っています。 - - He knows that B and her partner are getting married next month. -- 彼女はBさんに赤ちゃんが生まれたのを知っています - - She knows that B-San *had* a baby - - Notice: This is using PAST tense. It can be in any tense, but needs to be in regular form still. -- 彼女は九時半に会議があるのを覚えています - - She remembered she had a meeting at 9:30 -- 彼女は四年前にこの人と会ったのを覚えています - - She remembers meeting this person four years ago. -- お医者さんから、"お酒を飲んではいけない"、と言われたのを覚えています - - I remember the doctor telling me not to drink alcohol. -# Supplementary Notes -## Describing Body States -When describing a person's current physical state (like being slim or overweight), it's common to use the `～ている` form of a verb. This describes the result of a change that has occurred and is ongoing. This is different from using a simple い-adjective, which often describes the inherent quality of an object. - -- 痩せる -> やせる -> To become slim - - 痩せている -> (He/She) is slim (existing in a slim state) -- 太る -> ふとる -> To become fat - - 太っている -> (He/She) is fat (existing in a state of being fat) - -Compare this with an い-adjective like `太い` (futoi), which means "thick" or "fat." You would use this for objects or specific body parts, not typically to describe a person's overall state in a polite context. -- e.g., `太い腕` (futoi ude) -> A thick arm. diff --git a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-28.md b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-28.md index 9fc8f41..bbbc977 100644 --- a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-28.md +++ b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-01-28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +--- +processed: true +--- + # Random Words - 種類 -> しゅるい -> Type - 雑種 -> ざっしゅ -> Mutt, also works for cats @@ -74,4 +78,4 @@ The negative form is **~nakattara**. - # Homework -- +- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md index b117b05..6710377 100644 --- a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md +++ b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md @@ -1,2 +1,2 @@ # Homework -- Review the new grammar points: `~てしまいます` and connecting sentences with `と`. \ No newline at end of file +- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md b/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md index cc6f9c1..9c375ef 100644 --- a/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md +++ b/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md @@ -283,6 +283,74 @@ This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between ver - *Example (past tense)*: *彼女はBさんに赤ちゃんが生まれたのを知っています。* (She knows that B-san had a baby.) - *Example: 彼は食べるのがゆっくりです* (His eating is slow) +## Passive Verb Tense - *Added: 2026-01-28* +This turns something like "To Scold" to "To be Scolded by" +### Group 1 Verbs (godan) +Take the ~u sound, and change it to ~aれる. If the ending kana is う, it changes to われる + - しかる　-> しかられる + - さそう -> さそわれる +### Group 2 Verbs (Ichidan) +Take the ～る、and turn it into ～られる +- 食べる -> 食べられる + +### Group 3 Verbs +する -> される + - 輸入する -> 輸入される // To Import -> To import by +くる -> こられる + - 持ってくる -> 持ってこられる // To bring -> To be brought by + +## Conditional Forms - *Added: 2026-01-28* +### 1. The ~eba (~えば) Form + +This is often called the **"Logical If."** Use this when focusing on the condition required to achieve a specific result. + +- **How to form it:** **Verbs:** Change the final _~u_ sound to _~e_ and add _ば_. (e.g., _Iku_ → _Ikeba_) + + - **I-Adjectives:** Drop the final _~i_, add _~kereba_. (e.g., _Samui_ → _Samukereba_) + +- **The Vibe:** It’s very "If A happens, then B will definitely follow." It is often used for instructions, proverbs, or mathematical certainties. + + +### 2. The Nakereba (なければ) Form + +This is simply the **negative version of ~eba**. It translates to **"If "something" does not happen."** + +- **How to form it:** Take the negative (_nai_) form of a verb, drop the _~i_, and add _~kereba_. + +- **Example:** _Tabenai_ (don't eat) → _Tabenakereba_ (If I don't eat). + +- **Common Use:** You’ll see this in the phrase for "must": _~nakereba narimasen_ (lit: "If you don't do it, it won't be okay"). +- Can also stick "よかった" after it to mean "I wish I " + + +--- + +### 3. The ~tara (~ら) Form + +This is the **"Conversational If."** It is the most versatile and common conditional in spoken Japanese. + +- **How to form it:** Take the **past tense** of the verb/adjective and add _~ra_. + + - **Verbs:** _Itta_ (went) → _Ittara_ (If/when I go). + + - **Adjectives:** _Samukatta_ (was cold) → _Samukattara_ (If it's cold). + +- **The Vibe:** It can mean "if" (hypothetical) or "when" (temporal). It’s very safe to use in almost any casual situation. + +#### What is the negative of ~tara? + +The negative form is **~nakattara**. + +- **How to form it:** Take the negative past tense (_~nakatta_) and add _~ra_. + +- **Example:** _Ikanakatta_ (didn't go) → _Ikanakattara_ (If I don't go/If I hadn't gone). + +### Examples +- 僕はもっと勉強すればよかった + - I should have studied more +- 僕は家に早く帰ればよかった + - I should have gone home earlier + ## Describing Body States - *Added: 2026-01-21* When describing a person's current physical state (like being slim or overweight), it's common to use the `～ている` form of a verb. This describes the result of a change that has occurred and is ongoing. This is different from using a simple い-adjective, which often describes the inherent quality of an object.