diff --git a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2025-12-23.md b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2025-12-23.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e04a39..0000000 --- a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2025-12-23.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ ---- -processed: true ---- -# Last Weeks Homework -# Synopsis from 2025-12-11 Class - -This week's lesson covered two main grammar points: - -1. **~みたいです (Looks Like):** - * Used to create similes or make observations. - * Can be used with verbs (plain form), nouns, and adjectives. - * With nouns, it creates a metaphor ("like a computer"). - * With verbs and adjectives, it's more of an observation ("looks like he is tired"). - -2. **前に (Before):** - * Indicates that one action happens before another. - * Used with a verb in its dictionary form or a noun with `の`. - * The verb in the `前に` clause is always non-past, non-polite. - -# Random Words -- 上手い -> Smoothly - - 上手く -> Adverb version of that ^ - - うまくいくと,いいですね -> If things go smoothly, it'll be good -- 出す -> だす -> To put out, to submit -- 懐かしい -> なつかしい -> Nostalgic - -# Main Point - -## と after a sentence phrase -You can stick と after a phrase in a sentence to show it is the reason of what coming after. Kind of like if, but more focused on cause and effect. - -- うまくいくと, いいですね - - If things go smoothly, it'll be good -- ご飯を食べると、ねむくなります。 - - If I eat lunch, I'll then become sleepy - -## Using てから to connect Verbs -You can conjugate a verb into て form, and stick から after it, it means that the following sentence phrase comes AFTER whatever happened in the first phrase. Good for being specific. - -- いつご飯うぉたべますか？　シャワーを浴び**てから**、ご飯を食べます - - When did you eat? **After** I took a shower, I ate lunch. -- いつ日本語を勉強し始めましたか？学校に入ってから、日本語を勉強しています。 - - When did start studying Japanese? After I entered school, I started studying Japanese -- 宿題が終わってから、寝ます。 - - After I finish homework, then I sleep -- 家に帰ってもいいですか？いいえ、まずメールを送ってから、帰ってください。 - - Can I go home? No, first send a message, then please go home - -## Transitive Verbs vs Intransitive Verbs -### Understanding Transitive (他動詞) and Intransitive (自動詞) Verbs - -In Japanese, verbs are often categorized as either **Transitive (他動詞 - tadoushi)** or **Intransitive (自動詞 - jidoushi)**. This distinction is fundamental to building correct sentences, as it dictates which particles you use and how you describe an action. - -#### The Core Concept -- **Transitive verbs (他動詞)** describe an action done *by* someone or something *to* an object. There is a subject who performs the action and a direct object that receives the action. Think of it as a "do-er" acting on a "thing." -- **Intransitive verbs (自動詞)** describe a change of state or an action that happens *on its own*. There is no direct object receiving the action. The subject *is* the one undergoing the change or performing the action without acting upon anything else. - ---- - -### Transitive Verbs (他動詞 - tadoushi) -The word 他動詞 (tadoushi) is made of a telling combination of kanji: -- **他** (ta): "other" -- **動** (dō): "move" -- **詞** (shi): "word" - -So, it's an "other-moving word." A transitive verb describes an action that a subject directs at an **other** thing (the object). This is why transitive verbs almost always require the particle **を (o)** to mark the direct object that is being acted upon. - -**Structure:** `[Subject] が [Object] を [Transitive Verb]` - -**Examples:** -- 私が**電気をつけます**。 (Watashi ga **denki o tsukemasu.**) - - I **turn on the light.** (The subject "I" acts on the object "light.") -- 彼が**ドアを開けます**。 (Kare ga **doa o akemasu.**) - - He **opens the door.** (The subject "he" acts on the object "door.") -- 母が**弟を起こします**。 (Haha ga **otōto o okoshimasu.**) - - My mother **wakes up my little brother.** (The subject "mother" acts on the object "brother.") - ---- - -### Intransitive Verbs (自動詞 - jidoushi) -The word 自動詞 (jidoushi) is also revealing: -- **自** (ji): "self" -- **動** (dō): "move" -- **詞** (shi): "word" - -This is a "self-moving word." An intransitive verb describes something that happens "by itself" from the subject's perspective. There is no direct object. The subject is marked with the particle **が (ga)** or **は (wa)**. - -**Structure:** `[Subject] が [Intransitive Verb]` - -**Examples:** -- **電気がつきます**。 (**Denki ga tsukimasu.**) - - **The light is on.** (The light is in a state of being on; no one is actively "turning" it.) -- **ドアが開きます**。 (**Doa ga akimasu.**) - - **The door opens.** (The door opens by itself, like an automatic door.) -- **弟が起きます**。 (Otōto ga **okimasu.**) - - **My little brother wakes up.** (He wakes up on his own.) - ---- - -### How to Tell Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Apart - -1. **Particle Usage (The Golden Rule):** - - If a verb uses **を (o)** to mark an object, it's **transitive**. - - If a verb uses **が (ga)** to describe the thing that *is* changing or moving, it's **intransitive**. - -2. **Common Verb Pairings:** - Many verbs come in transitive/intransitive pairs. While not every pair follows a perfect rule, there are very common patterns that are useful to memorize. Noticing the ending of a verb can often give you a clue. - - | Common Ending Pattern | Transitive (-su) | Intransitive (-ru) | - | :--- | :--- | :--- | - | **Example** | 返す (kae**su** - to return something) | 返る (kae**ru** - something returns) | - | **Example** | 出す (da**su** - to take something out) | 出る (de**ru** - to go out) | - - | Common Ending Pattern | Transitive (-eru) | Intransitive (-u/ru) | - | :--- | :--- | :--- | - | **Example** | 開ける (ak**eru** - to open something) | 開く (ak**u** - something opens) | - | **Example** | 閉める (shim**eru** - to close something) | 閉まる (shima**ru** - something closes) | - | **Example** | 入れる (ir**eru** - to put something in) | 入る (hai**ru** - to enter) | - | **Example** | つける (tsuk**eru** - to turn something on) | つく (tsuk**u** - something turns on) | - - | Other Common Pairs | Transitive | Intransitive | - | :--- | :--- | :--- | - | **To extinguish/turn off** | 消す (kesu) | 消える (kieru) | - | **To drop** | 落とす (otosu) | 落ちる (ochiru) | - | **To begin** | 始める (hajimeru) | 始まる (hajimaru) | - | **To finish** | 終える (oeru) | 終わる (owaru) | - -Remember, the most reliable way to know is to see which particle is used. When you learn a new verb, try to learn its pair at the same time! \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2025-12-31.md b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2025-12-31.md index f2b75a1..54b3811 100644 --- a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2025-12-31.md +++ b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2025-12-31.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +--- +processed: true +--- # Last Weeks Homework # Synopsis from 2025-12-23 Class @@ -43,4 +46,4 @@ When using Intransitive Verbs, its usually best to use ～ている form, becaus | **落とす** (おとす) | **落ちる** (おちる) | To drop / To fall | | **沸かす** (わかす) | **沸く** (わく) | To boil (water) | | 割る (わる) | 割れる (われる) | To shatter | -| 折る (おる) | 折れる (おれる) | To Fold | +| 折る (おる) | 折れる (おれる) | To Fold | \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md index e69de29..e7e8954 100644 --- a/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md +++ b/10-Input/Classes/Japanese_Homework.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Synopsis from 2025-12-31 Class + +This week's lesson covered two main points: +1. **Prayers with (~ように):** Using 「ように」 at the end of a sentence to express a wish or prayer (e.g., "I hope I can eat beef"). +2. **More Transitive (他動詞) & Intransitive (自動詞) Verbs:** Added more verb pairs to the list, such as 割る/割れる (to shatter) and 折る/折れる (to fold). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md b/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md index 09946ae..571e97d 100644 --- a/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md +++ b/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md @@ -367,6 +367,11 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u - 交通事項 (こうつうじこ) -> Traffic Accident - 太陽 (たいよう) -> Sun - 歯 (は) -> Teeth + - 真冬 (まふゆ) -> Mid-Winter + - 初詣 (はつもうで) -> First visit of the year to a shrine + - 健康 (けんこう) -> Health + - 聖なる力 (せいなるちから) -> Holy Spirit + - 硝子 (ガラス) -> Glass - **People & Titles:** うんてんしゅ (driver), おとしより (elderly person), かいしゃいん (office worker), きょうだい (spiritual brother), ちょうろ (elder), 安愛がかり (あんないがかり) - Greeter, お金持ち (rich person), 奥さん (おくさん) - Wife (someone else's), 旦那さん (だんなさん) - Husband (someone else's) - **Places:** おうこくかいかん (Kingdom Hall), くうこう (airport), こうえん (park), しやくしょ (city hall), としょかん (library), びじゅつかん (art museum), ゆうびんきょく (post office) - **Time & Frequency:** あさって (day after tomorrow), いちにちじゅう (all day), おととい (two days ago), こんど (next time), しょうがつ / しんねん (New Years), まいしゅう (every week), 将来 (しょうらい) - near future @@ -413,6 +418,8 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u - **切る (きる)** - to turn off/cut off - **消す (けす)** - to turn off/make disappear - **出す (だす)** - 2025-12-23: To put out, to submit (Transitive) +- **下す (くだす)** - to lower +- **戻る (もどる)** - To go back ### Adjectives @@ -430,6 +437,7 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u - **ときどき** - Sometimes - **ゆっくり** - Slowly - **喜んで (よろこんで)** - With joy/pleasure +- **頭がぼうっとします** - My head feels foggy ## Phrases & Greetings