"vault backup: 2025-11-25 21:50:42 from Flow"
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@@ -210,20 +210,37 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u
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- **Note**: If apologizing for *not* doing something, use the negative て-form (なくて).
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- *Example*: パーティーへ行かなくて、すみませんでした (I'm sorry I couldn't go to the party.)
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- *Example*: 本をなくして、すみませんでした (I'm sorry for losing the book.)
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- *Example*: 宿題を持って来なくて、すみませんでした (I'm sorry for not bringing the homework.)
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- **Trying To (〜てみる)** - 2025-11-20: To express the idea of trying something out, you conjugate a verb to its て-form and then append the verb みる. Since みる is a regular verb itself, it can be conjugated into other forms, allowing for flexible expressions.
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- **Formula**: Verb (て-form) + みる
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- **Conjugation Examples**:
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- `〜みてもいいですか?` - Is it okay if I try...?
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- `〜みたい` - I want to try...
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- **Usage Examples**:
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- *新しいレストランに行ってみます。* (I'll try going to a new restaurant.)
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- *この服は着てみてもいいですか？* (Is it okay if I try on these clothes?)
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- *この靴はサイズが合いますか？履いてみてもいいですか？* (Do these shoes fit my size? Can I try them on?)
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- *この本は面白いですか？読んでみてもいいですか？* (Is this book interesting? May I try reading it?)
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- *沖縄のがまを見てみたい。* (I want to try to see the caves in Okinawa.)
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- *Example: 宿題を持って来なくて、すみませんでした (I'm sorry for not bringing the homework.)*
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<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
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- **Quoting Someone (Informal) (〜って言いました)** - 2025-11-25: A less formal equivalent of `〜と言います` for quoting others. It requires the verb preceding it to be in the plain (dictionary) form, not the -ます form. The latter part of the phrase (e.g., `言いました`) is often omitted in casual conversation.
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- **Formula**: Plain Form + って言いました / って
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- **Examples**:
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- *A-sanが”明日は休む”って言いました* (A-san said, "I'm off tomorrow.")
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- *A-sanが「会議は午後からだ」って* (A-san said, "The meeting is from the afternoon.")
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- *A-sanが「資料を作って」って* (A-san said, "Make the materials.")
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- *ニュースで「けいざいがよくなっている」って* (The news said, "The economy is improving.")
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- **Conditional "If" (もし...だったら/たら)** - 2025-11-25: A common, less formal way to express "if" (less formal than `なら`).
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- **Verb**: Conjugate the verb to its plain past tense (た-form) and add `ら`.
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- *Example: もしたくさんお金が**あったら**、新しい車を買います。* (If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new car.)
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- **Noun or な-Adjective**: Add `だったら`.
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- *Example: **もし**明日はいい天気**だったら**、ビーチにいきます。* (If the weather is good tomorrow, I'll go to the beach.)
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- **Negative Noun/な-Adj**: Conjugate the noun/adjective to the negative plain past `じゃなかった` and add `ら`.
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- **い-Adjective**: Replace the final `い` with `かったら`.
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- *Example: もし週末は**晴れだったら**、公園で遊びます。* (If it's sunny this weekend, we'll play at the park.)
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- **Trying To (〜てみる)** - 2025-11-20: To express the idea of trying something out, you conjugate a verb to its て-form and then append the verb みる. Since みる is a regular verb itself, it can be conjugated into other forms, allowing for flexible expressions.
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- **Formula**: Verb (て-form) + みる
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- **Conjugation Examples**:
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- `〜みてもいいですか?` - Is it okay if I try...?
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- `〜みたい` - I want to try...
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- **Usage Examples**:
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- *新しいレストランに行ってみます。* (I'll try going to a new restaurant.)
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- *この服は着てみてもいいですか？* (Is it okay if I try on these clothes?)
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- *この靴はサイズが合いますか？履いてみてもいいですか？* (Do these shoes fit my size? Can I try them on?)
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- *この本は面白いですか？読んでみてもいいですか？* (Is this book interesting? May I try reading it?)
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- *沖縄のがまを見てみたい。* (I want to try to see the caves in Okinawa.)
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- **Hearsay (〜そうです)** - 2025-11-20: This pattern is used to report information that you have heard from another source. It is appended to the plain (non-polite) form of verbs andい-adjectives. For な-adjectives and nouns, you must add だ before そうです.
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- **Formula**: Plain Form (Verb/Adjective) + そうです
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- **Formula (Noun/な-Adj)**: Noun/な-Adj + だ + そうです
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@@ -243,6 +260,7 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u
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- **Time & Frequency:** あさって (day after tomorrow), いちにちじゅう (all day), おととい (two days ago), こんど (next time), しょうがつ / しんねん (New Years), まいしゅう (every week), 将来 (しょうらい) - near future
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- **Food & Drink:** ごはん (rice/meal), しお (salt), すきやき (sukiyaki), やきにく (BBQ), やしょく (late night snack), 洋食 (ようしょく) - Western food
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- **Objects & Concepts:** いさん (heritage), えんぴつ (pencil), かばん (bag), くるま (car), けいたい (cell phone), しごと (work), しつもん (question), せいしょ (Bible), でんしゃ (train), りょこう (trip/travel), 洋食 (ようしょく) - Western food, 合格発表 (ごうかく はっぴょう) - pass exam announcement, 給料 (きゅうりょう) - salary, 実現 (じつげん) - achievement/realization, 公開講演 (こうかいこうえん) - public talk, 緊張 (きんちょう) - nervousness, 区域 (くいき) - Congregation Territory, 忍耐 (にんたい) - Patience (from God), 基地 (きち) - Military Base, 遅刻 (ちこく) - Delay, 宿題 (しゅくだい) - Homework, 教科書 (きょうかしょ) - Text Book, 日の出 (ひので) - Sunlight, 離島 (りとう) - Small islands off a big island, 天気予報 (てんきよほう) - Weather report, 嵐 (あらし) - Storm
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- **Natural Phenomena:** - 2025-11-25: 断水 (だんすい) - Water Main/Cut, 地震 (じしん) - Earthquake, 洗濯 (せんたく) - Laundry
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### Verbs
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