"vault backup: 2026-01-21 20:24:21 from Flow"

20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md

@@ -245,9 +245,16 @@ This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between ver
     - **Natural Consequence "When/If" (と)** - *Updated: 2026-01-14*: Used for natural, inevitable consequences. The verb before と is present tense. This form cannot be followed by expressions of will or requests.
         - **Special Note**: This pattern is for natural consequences. If you want to express your own will, desire, or make a request after the condition (e.g., using `～たいです`, `～てください`), you should use the `～たら` conditional form instead.
         - *Example: 冬になると寒くなります。* (When winter comes, it gets cold.)
+        - *Example: ボタンを押しますとジュースが出ます。* (When you press the button, juice will come out.)
+
     - **Sequential Action "After" (〜てから)** - *Added: 2025-12-23*: Emphasizes that one action happens only after another is completed.
         - *Example: シャワーを浴びてから、ご飯を食べます。* (After I take a shower, I will eat.)
 
+- **Multi-tasking (〜ながら)** - *Added: 2026-01-14*: Connects two actions happening simultaneously. Added to the verb stem (pre-ます form). The second verb is the main action.
+    - *Example: 音楽を聴きながら、仕事をしています。* (While listening to music, I am working.)
+    - *Example: テレビを見て、クッキーを食べながら、携帯を使います。* (I watch TV, eat cookies, and use my phone.)
+    - *Example: ご飯を食べながら、携帯を使ってはいけません。* (You must not use your cell phone while eating.)
+
 - **Expressing "Looks Like" (〜みたいです)** - *Added: 2025-12-11*: Used to make comparisons or observations.
     - *Example (Comparison)*: *彼の頭はコンピュータみたいです。* (His brain is like a computer.)
     - *Example (Observation)*: *雨が降ったみたいです。* (It looks like it rained.)
@@ -270,6 +277,22 @@ This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between ver
 - **Prayers or Hopes (〜ように)** - *Added: 2025-12-31*: Used to express a wish or prayer. Often used with the potential form.
 	- *Example: 健康でいられますように。* (I hope I can stay healthy.)
 
+- **Nominalization (Using の as a placeholder)** - *Added: 2026-01-21*: You can use の to turn a preceding verb phrase into a noun. This allows the phrase to act as a subject or object in a sentence. The verb before の must be in the plain form (dictionary, negative, past, etc.).
+    - *Example (as subject)*: *子供を育てるの**は**大変です。* (Raising a child is very hard.)
+    - *Example (as object)*: *私はAさんが中国語を勉強しているの**を**知っています。* (I know that A-san is studying Chinese.)
+    - *Example (past tense)*: *彼女はBさんに赤ちゃんが生まれたのを知っています。* (She knows that B-san had a baby.)
+
+## Describing Body States - *Added: 2026-01-21*
+When describing a person's current physical state (like being slim or overweight), it's common to use the `～ている` form of a verb. This describes the result of a change that has occurred and is ongoing. This is different from using a simple い-adjective, which often describes the inherent quality of an object.
+
+- 痩せる -> やせる -> To become slim
+	- 痩せている -> (He/She) is slim (existing in a slim state)
+- 太る -> ふとる -> To become fat
+	- 太っている -> (He/She) is fat (existing in a state of being fat)
+
+Compare this with an い-adjective like `太い` (futoi), which means "thick" or "fat." You would use this for objects or specific body parts, not typically to describe a person's overall state in a polite context.
+- e.g., `太い腕` (futoi ude) -> A thick arm.
+
 ## Vocabulary
 
 ### Nouns
@@ -298,7 +321,6 @@ This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between ver
 - **着く (つく)** - To arrive
 
 ### Vocabulary - 2026-01-14
-
 - 少しずつ -> ずつ means "little by little"
 - 自由 -> じゆう -> Freedom
 - 上手くいく -> うまい + いく -> Smoothly Go
@@ -310,6 +332,14 @@ This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between ver
 - 年を取る -> To grow old
 - 使う -> つかう -> to use
 
+### Vocabulary - 2026-01-21
+- 育てる -> そだてる -> To Raise (transitive)
+- 育つ -> そだつ -> To raise (intransitive)
+- 習慣 -> しゅうかん -> Habit/Custom
+- 変わる -> かわる -> To change (intransitive)
+- 変える -> かえる　-> To change (transitive)
+- 噓をつく -> To Tell a lie
+
 ### Verbs
 
 - **あう (会う)** - To meet