--- type: Page title: Chinese Class Notes description: null icon: null createdAt: '2025-09-07T00:37:38.376Z' creationDate: 2025-09-07 09:37 modificationDate: 2025-09-07 09:38 tags: [] coverImage: null --- Of course. Here are your Chinese language notes, organized by topic with clear markdown headings. ## Grammar This section covers sentence structures, verb complements, and key grammatical patterns from your notes. ### Sentence Patterns - **Expressing "Structure is complex"** - **Structure:** `SUBJECT + 的构造非常复杂 (de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá)` - SUBJECT's structure is very complex. - **Examples:** - 飞鸟的构造非常复杂 (Fēiniǎo de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá) - The structure of a flying bird is very complex. - 人体的构造非常复杂 (Réntǐ de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá) - The structure of the human body is very complex. - 电脑的构造非常复杂 (Diànnǎo de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá) - The structure of a computer is very complex. - **Estimating a Quantity** - **Structure:** `估计 (Gūjì) + SUBJECT + 有 (yǒu) + NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT` - It is estimated that SUBJECT has NUMBER of OBJECT. - **Examples:** - 估计每只鸟有一千根羽毛 (Gūjì měi zhǐ niǎo yǒu yīqiān gēn yǔmáo) - Each bird has an estimated 1,000 feathers. - 估计每个人有十万根头发 (Gūjì měi gèrén yǒu shí wàn gēn tóufǎ) - It is estimated each person has 100,000 hairs. - **Reacting to News** - **Structure:** `听到 (Tīng dào) + {THING HEARD}, SUBJECT + 会/很 (huì/hěn) + {FEELING}, 甚至觉得 (shènzhì juédé) + {EVEN STRONGER FEELING/REACTION}` - **Examples:** - 听到孩子的问题，你会很担心，甚至觉得孩子退步了 (Tīng dào háizǐ de wèntí, nǐ huì hěn dānxīn, shènzhì juédé háizǐ tuìbùle) - When you hear about your child’s problems, you will be very worried and even think that your child has regressed. - 听到这个消息，我会很生气，甚至觉得被任天堂背叛了 (Tīng dào zhège xiāoxī, wǒ huì hěn shēngqì, shènzhì juédé bèi rèntiāntáng bèipànle) - I would be very angry and even feel betrayed by Nintendo when I heard the news. - **Remembering / Forgetting** - **Structure:** `SUBJECT + 记得/不记得 (jìdé/bù jìdé) + OBJECT` - SUBJECT remembers/doesn't remember OBJECT. - **Notes:** - Add `在哪里 (zài nǎlǐ)` when talking about remembering a location. - Add `了 (le)` at the end of a negative sentence to mean you don't remember it *anymore*. - **Examples:** - 耶和华记得你的眼泪 (Yēhéhuá jìdé nǐ de yǎnlèi) - Jehovah Remembers Your Tears. - 我需要记得我的钱包在哪里 (Wǒ xūyào jìdé wǒ de qiánbāo zài nǎlǐ) - I need to remember where my wallet is. - 我不记得我的STEAM账号了 (Wǒ bù jìdé wǒ de STEAM zhànghàole) - I don't remember my Steam account anymore. - **Learning from Someone's Example** - **Structure:** `我们陷入 (Wǒmen xiànrù) + {SITUATION} + 时 (shí), 可以怎样向 (kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng) + {PERSON} + 学习 (xuéxí)?` - When we fall into {SITUATION}, how can we learn from {PERSON}? - **Examples:** - 我们陷入痛苦时，可以怎样向耶稣学习？ (Wǒmen xiànrù tòngkǔ shí, kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng yēsū xuéxí?) - How can we learn from Jesus when we are in pain? - **Considering the Cost** - **Structure:** `在 (zài) + {ACTION} + 之前 (zhīqián), 先想想你需要为此付出什么, 包括投入多少时间, 精力, 和财务 (xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme, bāokuò tóurù duōshǎo shíjiān, jīnglì, hé cáiwù)` - Before doing {ACTION}, first think about the cost, including time, energy, and money. - **Example:** - 在你决定结婚之前，先想想你需要为此付出什么... (Zaì nǐ juédìng jiéhūn zhīqián, xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme...) - Before you decide to get married, first think about what you need to invest... - **Expressing Feelings** - **Structure:** `我感觉 (Wǒ gǎnjué) + 很 (hěn) + EMOTION` - I feel very EMOTION. - **Examples:** - 我感觉很惊讶！(Wǒ gǎnjué hěn jīngyà!) - I feel very surprised! - 我感觉压力很大 (Wǒ gǎnjué yālì hěn dà) - I feel a lot of pressure. - **"Not Only..., But Also..." (Negative Emphasis)** - **Structure:** `SUBJECT + 不但 (bùdàn) + {BAD THING}, 反而 (fǎn'ér) + {EVEN WORSE THING}` - **Example:** - 作为妻子，他不但没有安慰我，反而责备我 (Zuòwéi qīzǐ, tā bùdàn méiyǒu ānwèi wǒ, fǎn'ér zébèi wǒ) - As a wife, instead of comforting me, she blamed me. - **Leaving a Matter to Someone** - **Structure:** `我会儿把 (Wǒ huì bǎ) + {THE MATTER} + 交给 (jiāo gěi) + {ENTITY} + 处理 (chǔlǐ)` - I will leave {THE MATTER} to {ENTITY} to handle. - **Example:** - 我会把这件事交给长老处理 (Wǒ huì bǎ zhè jiàn shì jiāo gěi zhǎnglǎo chǔlǐ) - I will refer this matter to the elders. - **Expressing Fear of Loss** - **Structure:** `我特别害怕失去 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù) + {OBJECT/CONCEPT}` - I am particularly afraid of losing... - **Example:** - 我特别害怕失去现在的自由 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù xiànzài de zìyóu) - I am particularly afraid of losing my current freedom. - **"First..., Then..."** - **Structure:** `我想先 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān) + ACTION 1 + 再 (zài) + ACTION 2` - I want to do Action 1 first, then do Action 2. - **Example:** - 我想先学习日语，再去一个日本妻子 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān xuéxí rìyǔ, zài qù yīgè rìběn qīzǐ) - I want to learn Japanese first, then get a Japanese wife. - **Waiting for Something Impatiently** - **Structure:** `SUBJECT + 终于 (zhōngyú) + VERB + 了 (le), 我都快等死了 (Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle)` - SUBJECT finally VERBed, I almost died waiting! - **Example:** - Switch2 终于公布了！我都快等死了 (Switch2 zhōngyú gōngbùle! Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle) - Switch 2 was finally announced! I was dying of waiting. - **Not Ashamed, But Proud** - **Structure:** `SUBJECT + 不以 (bù yǐ) + {THING} + 为耻 (wéi chǐ), 反而以 (fǎn'ér yǐ) + {THING} + 为荣 (wéi róng)` - **Example:** - 我们不以圣经的教导为耻, 反而以圣经的教导为荣 (Wǒmen bù yǐ shèngjīng de jiàodǎo wéi chǐ, fǎn'ér yǐ shèngjīng de jiàodǎo wéi róng) - We are not ashamed of the Bible’s teachings, but proud of them. - **"I Just Couldn't..." (Expressing Frustration)** - **Structure:** `怎么就是 (zěnme jiùshì) + {UNPLEASANT RESULT}` - Used to express that despite effort, an unwanted outcome occurred. - **Example:** - 我昨天吃了安眠药，但怎么就是睡不着 (Wǒ zuótiān chīle ānmiányào, dàn zěnme jiùshì shuì bùzháo) - I took sleeping pills yesterday, but no matter what, I just couldn't sleep. - **"Tell me when..."** - **Structure:** `等你 (Děng nǐ) + ACTION 1 + 了告诉我 (le gàosù wǒ), 我想 (wǒ xiǎng) + ACTION 2` - Tell me when you do Action 1, I want to do Action 2. - **Example:** - 等你结婚了告诉我，我想去参加婚礼 (Děng nǐ jiéhūnle gàosù wǒ, wǒ xiǎng qù cānjiā hūnlǐ) - Tell me when you get married, I want to go to the wedding. ### Verb Complements - **下来 (xiàlái)**: Indicates an action completed from beginning to end. - **Usage:** `Verb + 下来 (xiàlái)` - **Examples:** - 一场电影看下来，我很感动 (Yī chǎng diànyǐng kàn xiàlái, wǒ hěn gǎndòng) - After watching the movie (from start to finish), I was moved. - 一本书读下来以后，我学到了很多 (Yī běn shū dú xiàlái yǐhòu, wǒ xué dàole hěnduō) - After reading this book, I learned a lot. - **起来 (qǐlái)** 1. **Directional (low to high):** - 站起来 (Zhàn qǐlái) - Stand up - 跳起来 (Tiào qǐlái) - Jump up 2. **Subjective Feeling (with senses):** - 海鲜看起来很好吃 (Hǎixiān kàn qǐlái hěn hào chī) - The seafood looks delicious. - 这首歌听起来很好听 (Zhè shǒu gē tīng qǐlái hěn hǎotīng) - This song sounds nice. - 火鸡闻起来太香了 (Huǒ jī wén qǐlái tài xiāngle) - The turkey smells so good. - 游戏手柄摸起来太好了 (Yóuxì shǒubǐng mō qǐlái tài hǎole) - The game controller feels so good. - **出来 (chūlái)**: Indicates movement from inside to outside. - **Usage:** `从 (cóng) + LOCATION + Verb + 出来 (chūlái)` - **Example:** - 我从房子里跑出来了 (Wǒ cóng fángzǐ lǐ pǎo chūláile) - I ran out of the house. - **伤 (shāng)**: A result complement indicating an action caused injury. - **Usage:** `Verb + 伤 (shāng)` - **Example:** - 我的胳膊被鸽子抓伤了 (Wǒ de gēbó bèi gēzǐ zhuā shāngle) - My arm was scratched (and injured) by a pigeon. ## Vocabulary ### General Words & Phrases - **想法不错 (Xiǎngfǎ bùcuò)**: Good Idea (Lit: Idea not bad) - **随便 (Suíbiàn)**: Whatever; anything is fine. - **幽默 (yōumò)**: Funny; humorous - **榜样 (bǎngyàng)**: Role model - **勇气 (yǒngqì)**: Courage - **包括 (bāokuò)**: To include - **从现在起 (cóng xiànzài qǐ)**: From now on - **注意 (zhùyì)**: To pay attention to - **安全 (ānquán)**: Safety - **项目 (xiàngmù)**: Project - **没想到 (Méi xiǎngdào)**: Didn't expect (in a good way) - **随机 (suíjī)**: Random - **尴尬 (gāngà)**: Awkward; embarrassing - **量 (liàng)**: Quantity - **失去 (shīqù)**: To lose - **自由 (zìyóu)**: Freedom - **矛盾 (máodùn)**: Contradiction - **憎恨 (zēnghèn)**: Hatred - **倾向 (qīngxiàng)**: Tendency ### People & Relationships - **你是真男人 (Nǐ shì zhēn nánrén)**: You are a real man! - **前妻 (qiánqī)**: Ex-wife - **前夫 (qiánfū)**: Ex-husband - **前任 (qiánrèn)**: Ex (gender-neutral) - **老婆 (lǎopó)**: Wife (endearing term) - **客户 (kèhù)**: Client - **发型师 (fǎxíng shī)**: Hairdresser ### Actions & Verbs - **留胡子 (liú húzǐ)**: To grow a beard - **被封了 (bèi fēngle)**: To get banned - **记得 (jìdé)**: To remember - **陷入 (xiànrù)**: To fall into / be caught by - **付出 (fùchū)**: To pay; to expend (cost) - **骑车 (qí chē)**: To ride a bike - **开车 (kāichē)**: To drive a car - **谈 (tán)**: To talk - **休息 (xiūxí)**: To rest / take a break - **遇到 (yù)**: To encounter - **体验 (tǐyàn)**: To experience - **处理 (chǔlǐ)**: To deal with / handle - **偷偷 (tōutōu)**: Secretly - **请客 (Nǐ qǐngkè!)**: Your treat! ### Feelings & Emotions - **麻烦 (máfan)**: Troublesome - **担心 (dānxīn)**: Worried - **悲伤 (bēishāng)**: Sadness - **惊讶 (jīngyà)**: Surprised - **愤怒 (fènnù)**: Rage - **激动 (jīdòng)**: Excited (intensely) - **压力 (yālì)**: Pressure; stress - **放松 (fàngsōng)**: Relaxed - **肉疼 (ròuténg)**: Pain from spending a lot of money - **爽 (shuǎng)**: To feel good (colloquial) ### Medical & Health - **个人医疗指示 (Gèrén yīliáo zhǐshì)**: Personal medical directive - **绝不输入 (juébù shūrù)**: Never transfuse - **全血 (quánxuè)**: Whole blood - **红细胞 (hóngxìbāo)**: Red blood cells - **白细胞 (báixìbāo)**: White blood cells - **血小板 (xuèxiǎobǎn)**: Platelets - **血浆 (xuèjiāng)**: Plasma - **治疗 (zhìliáo)**: Treatment - **放弃 (fàngqì)**: To give up - **安眠药 (Ānmiányào)**: Sleeping pills ### Technology & Gaming - **生存刀 (Shēngcún dāo)**: Survival Knife - **指甲刀 (Zhǐjiǎ dāo)**: Nail Clippers - **账号 (zhànghào)**: Account (e.g., online) - **评测 (píngcè)**: Review (of a product) - **电量 (diànliàng)**: Battery life - **发热 (fārè)**: To generate heat - **游戏配件 (Yóuxì pèijiàn)**: Gaming accessories - **握把 (wòbǎ)**: A grip - **保护膜 (bǎohù mó)**: Protective film / Screen protector - **保护套 (bǎohù tào)**: Protective case - **充电宝 (chōngdiàn bǎo)**: Battery pack / Power bank - **数据线 (shùjù xiàn)**: Data cable - **掌机 (zhǎng jī)**: Handheld console - **3D打印 (3D dǎyìn)**: 3D Printing ## Conversations & Dialogues ### Dinner Preparation - **妻子 (Wife):** 亲爱的，今天晚上想吃什么？ (Qīn'ài de, jīntiān wǎnshàng xiǎng chī shénme?) - Honey, what do you want to eat tonight? - **丈夫 (Husband):** 随便，你做什么我都喜欢。(Suíbiàn, nǐ zuò shénme wǒ dōu xǐhuān) - Whatever, I like anything you make. - **妻子 (Wife):** 那我做你最喜欢的红烧肉好不好？(Nà wǒ zuò nǐ zuì xǐhuān de hóngshāo ròu hǎo bù hǎo?) - Then how about I make your favorite braised pork? - **丈夫 (Husband):** 太好了！谢谢老婆。(Tài hǎole! Xièxiè lǎopó) - Great! Thank you, love. ### Coincidental Meeting at a Coffee Shop - **S:** 哎？JS! 你也在这里啊，好巧！ (Āi? JS! Nǐ yě zài zhèlǐ a, hǎo qiǎo!) - Huh? JS! You're here too? What a coincidence! - **JS:** 哎？Spencer? 真的是你！最近怎么样啊？好久不见了？ (Āi? Spencer? Zhēn de shì nǐ! Zuìjìn zěnme yàng a? Hǎojiǔ bùjiànle?) - Huh? Spencer? It's really you! How have you been? Long time no see! - **S:** 是啊，世界真小！要不要一起坐一会儿，聊聊天儿? (Shì a, shìjiè zhēn xiǎo! Yào bùyào yīqǐ zuò yīhuǐ'er, liáo liáotiān’er?) - Yes, it’s a small world! Do you want to sit for a while and chat? ### Discussing the Weather - **A:** 你好, 今天很热, 你也是来乘凉吗? (Nǐ hǎo, jīntiān hěn rè, nǐ yěshì lái chéngliáng ma?) - Hello, it's very hot today. Are you also here to cool off? - **B:** 对啊，又热又吵。(Duì a, yòu rè yòu chǎo) - Yes, it's hot and humid. - **A:** 你有什么降暑的好方法吗？ (Nǐ yǒu shénme jiàng shǔ de hǎo fāngfǎ ma?) - Do you have any good ways to beat the heat? - **B:** 留在家里吹空调。(Liú zài jiālǐ chuī kòngtiáo) - Stay at home and blast the air conditioning. ## Cultural Notes, Idioms & Slang - **有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (Yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū)**: "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from afar." A classic saying to welcome guests. - **人山人海 (Rénshānrénhǎi)**: "People mountain, people sea." An idiom describing huge crowds of people. - **心静自然凉 (Xīnjìng zìrán liáng)**: "A calm heart keeps you naturally cool." An idiom suggesting that one's state of mind affects their physical feeling. - **亦敌亦友 (Yì dí yì yǒu)**: Frenemies (Lit: Foe and friend). - **厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)**: "Thick-skinned." Not easily affected by criticism. - **冲手法 (Chōng shǒufǎ)**: A slang term for rushing to be the first to buy a new product, like staying overnight in a line. - **废了 (fèile)**: Slang for feeling exhausted or "dead" after a long day. (Lit: to become waste) - **虎 (hǔ)**: Slang for fierce or reckless. (Lit: tiger) - **电子阳痿 (Diànzǐ yángwěi)**: "Electronic impotence." A slang term for the phenomenon of buying many video games but lacking the motivation to play them. - **猫屎咖啡 (Māo shǐ kāfēi)**: "Cat poop coffee" (Kopi luwak), made from coffee beans eaten and excreted by a civet. - **Spring Festival Customs**: Notes on pagan traditions like **春联 (Chūnlián)** (Spring Couplets) and the character **福 (fú)** (blessing/fortune), which is sometimes hung upside down because **倒 (dào - upside down)** sounds like **到 (dào - to arrive)**. - **"Wife and Mother in Water" Dilemma**: A classic, tricky question asked to test a man's loyalty: "If your mother and I fell into the water, who would you save first?" ## Classroom & Useful Phrases A collection of phrases useful during a language lesson. - **你能再说一遍吗？ (Nǐ néng zàishuō yībiàn ma?)**: Could you repeat that? - **你能慢一点儿吗? (Nǐ néng mànyīdiǎn'er ma?)**: Can you slow down a bit? - **我没听清 (Wǒ méi tīng qīng)**: I didn't hear it clearly. - **我没听懂 (Wǒ méi tīng dǒng)**: I heard it, but I didn't understand. - **你能换一种说法吗？ (Nǐ néng huàn yī zhǒng shuōfǎ ma?)**: Can you put it another way? - **我还是不懂，这个词用英语怎么说呢？ (Wǒ háishì bù dǒng, zhège cí yòng yīngyǔ zěnme shuō ne?)**: I still don't understand, how do you say this word in English?