---
type: Knowledge
title: Synthesized Chinese Class Notes
date: '2025-10-23'
---

# Synthesized Chinese Class Notes

This note is a synthesized compilation of all Chinese class notes from the `10-Input` folder. The content has been organized by topic for clarity and ease of reference.

## Grammar

This section covers sentence structures, verb complements, and key grammatical patterns.

### Sentence Patterns

- **Expressing "Structure is complex"**: `SUBJECT + 的构造非常复杂 (de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá)`
- **Estimating a Quantity**: `估计 (Gūjì) + SUBJECT + 有 (yǒu) + NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT`
- **Reacting to News**: `听到 (Tīng dào) + {THING HEARD}, SUBJECT + 会/很 (huì/hěn) + {FEELING}, 甚至觉得 (shènzhì juédé) + {EVEN STRONGER FEELING/REACTION}`
- **Remembering / Forgetting**: `SUBJECT + 记得/不记得 (jìdé/bù jìdé) + OBJECT`
- **Learning from Someone's Example**: `我们陷入 (Wǒmen xiànrù) + {SITUATION} + 时 (shí), 可以怎样向 (kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng) + {PERSON} + 学习 (xuéxí)?`
- **Considering the Cost**: `在 (zài) + {ACTION} + 之前 (zhīqián), 先想想你需要为此付出什么, 包括投入多少时间, 精力, 和财务 (xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme, bāokuò tóurù duōshǎo shíjiān, jīnglì, hé cáiwù)`
- **Expressing Feelings**: `我感觉 (Wǒ gǎnjué) + 很 (hěn) + EMOTION`
- **"Not Only..., But Also..." (Negative Emphasis)**: `SUBJECT + 不但 (bùdàn) + {BAD THING}, 反而 (fǎn'ér) + {EVEN WORSE THING}`
- **Leaving a Matter to Someone**: `我会儿把 (Wǒ huì bǎ) + {THE MATTER} + 交给 (jiāo gěi) + {ENTITY} + 处理 (chǔlǐ)`
- **Expressing Fear of Loss**: `我特别害怕失去 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù) + {OBJECT/CONCEPT}`
- **"First..., Then..."**: `我想先 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān) + ACTION 1 + 再 (zài) + ACTION 2`
- **Waiting for Something Impatiently**: `SUBJECT + 终于 (zhōngyú) + VERB + 了 (le), 我都快等死了 (Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle)`
- **Not Ashamed, But Proud**: `SUBJECT + 不以 (bù yǐ) + {THING} + 为耻 (wéi chǐ), 反而以 (fǎn'ér yǐ) + {THING} + 为荣 (wéi róng)`
- **"I Just Couldn't..." (Expressing Frustration)**: `怎么就是 (zěnme jiùshì) + {UNPLEASANT RESULT}`
- **"Tell me when..."**: `等你 (Děng nǐ) + ACTION 1 + 了告诉我 (le gàosù wǒ), 我想 (wǒ xiǎng) + ACTION 2`
- **Using `de` for more detail**: Place `de` after a verb to add more detail to the action. `Ni chi de shenme?` (You ate what?)
- **`Yào zǒule` - Something is going to happen**: `Subj + Yào + Verb + Optional Object + le`
- **`bù míngbái` - I don't understand how to...**: `{{Thing you don't understand}} wǒ zhēn de {{Optional Verb}} bù míngbái.`
- **"ADJ1 and also ADJ2"**: `Subj + 又 + ADJ1 + 又 + ADJ2`
    - *Example*: 我又高又帅 (Wǒ yòu gāo yòu shuài) - I am tall and handsome.
    - *Example*: 这里的菜又便宜又好吃 (Zhèlǐ de cài yòu piányí yòu hào chī) - The food here is cheap and delicious.
- **"Besides..."**: `除了...., Subj 还.... (Chúle...., Subj hái....)`
    - *Example*: 除了饭，你们还会买什么？ (Chúle fàn, nǐmen hái huì mǎi shénme?) - Besides food, what else will you buy?
- **`吧/ba` particle**: Stick at the end of the sentence to make a suggestion. If not there, it sounds like your telling somewhat what to do. Similar to "How about..."
- **"Not only.... But also...."**: `不但。。。而且。。。 (bùdàn...érqiě...)`
	- *Example*: 今天不但下雨而且非常冷 (Jīntiān bùdàn xià yǔ érqiě fēicháng lěng) - It's not only raining today, but also very cold.

### Verb Complements

- **下来 (xiàlái)**: Indicates an action completed from beginning to end.
- **起来 (qǐlái)**:
    1.  Directional (low to high): `站起来` (Stand up).
    2.  Subjective Feeling (with senses): `海鲜看起来很好吃` (The seafood looks delicious).
- **出来 (chūlái)**: Indicates movement from inside to outside.
- **伤 (shāng)**: A result complement indicating an action caused injury.

### "Again": 又 (Yòu) vs. 再 (Zài)

- **又 (Yòu)**: Used for an action that happened again in the **past**.
- **再 (Zài)**: Used for an action that will happen again in the **present or future**.

## Vocabulary

### General Words & Phrases

- **想法不错 (Xiǎngfǎ bùcuò)**: Good Idea
- **随便 (Suíbiàn)**: Whatever; anything is fine.
- **幽默 (yōumò)**: Funny; humorous
- **榜样 (bǎngyàng)**: Role model
- **勇气 (yǒngqì)**: Courage
- **包括 (bāokuò)**: To include
- **从现在起 (cóng xiànzài qǐ)**: From now on
- **注意 (zhùyì)**: To pay attention to
- **安全 (ānquán)**: Safety
- **项目 (xiàngmù)**: Project
- **没想到 (Méi xiǎngdào)**: Didn't expect (in a good way)
- **随机 (suíjī)**: Random
- **尴尬 (gāngà)**: Awkward; embarrassing
- **量 (liàng)**: Quantity
- **失去 (shīqù)**: To lose
- **自由 (zìyóu)**: Freedom
- **矛盾 (máodùn)**: Contradiction
- **憎恨 (zēnghèn)**: Hatred
- **倾向 (qīngxiàng)**: Tendency
- **假的 (Jiǎde)**: Fake
- **骗 (Piàn)**: Cheated/Deceived
- **小白 (xiǎobái)**: Little White -> Beginner
- **韭菜 (Jiǔcài)**: Chinese Chives/Leeks
- **无数 (wúshù)**: Limitless
- **我感冒了 (Wǒ gǎnmàole)**: I have a cold
- **传染 (chuánrǎn)**: to infect
- **他是我的最爱 (Tā shì wǒ de zuì ài)**: She is my favorite
- **你理发了! (Nǐ lǐfàle!)**: You got a haircut!
- **有期待 (yǒu qídài)**: Have expectations / Look forward to something
- **你的日语课伤得怎么样？ (Nǐ de rìyǔ kè shāng dé zěnme yàng?)**: How is your Japanese class going?
- **眼睛 (yǎn jīng)**: eye
- **亚马逊 (Yàmǎxùn)**: Amazon
- **我在亚马逊上买的 (Wǒ zài yàmǎxùn shang mǎi de)**: I bought them from amazon
- **冲绳 (Chōngshéng)**: Okinawa
- **他不想和我聊天 (Tā bùxiǎng hé wǒ liáotiān)**: She doesn't want to chat with me
- **农村 (nóng cūn)**: countryside
- **我的朋友有个面试，我需要带她去 (Wǒ de péngyǒu yǒu gè miànshì, wǒ xūyào dài tā qù)**: My friend has a job interview, and I need to take him with me.
- **助教 (Zhùjiào)**: Teaching assistant
- **你收到面试通知了吗 (Nǐ shōu dào miànshì tōngzhīle ma)**: Have you received an interview invitation?
- **明天是你的第一个面试 (Míngtiān shì nǐ de dì yī gè miànshì)**: Tomorrow is your first interview.
- **我觉得他们是日本人 (Wǒ juédé tāmen shì rìběn rén)**: I think they are Japanese.
- **我们有一个弟兄，他始中医，也许他可以帮我 (Wǒmen yǒu yīgè dìxiōng, tā shǐ zhōngyī, yěxǔ tā kěyǐ bāng wǒ)**: We have a brother who practices traditional Chinese medicine; perhaps he can help me.

### People & Relationships

- **你是真男人 (Nǐ shì zhēn nánrén)**: You are a real man!
- **前妻 (qiánqī)**: Ex-wife
- **前夫 (qiánfū)**: Ex-husband
- **前任 (qiánrèn)**: Ex (gender-neutral)
- **老婆 (lǎopó)**: Wife (endearing term)
- **客户 (kèhù)**: Client
- **发型师 (fǎxíng shī)**: Hairdresser
- **传统的日本人 (Chuántǒng de rìběn rén)**: Traditional Japanese Person
- **单身 (dān shēn)**: Single
- **他有点儿严格 (Tā yǒudiǎn er yángé)**: He's a bit strict

### Actions & Verbs

- **留胡子 (liú húzǐ)**: To grow a beard
- **被封了 (bèi fēngle)**: To get banned
- **记得 (jìdé)**: To remember
- **陷入 (xiànrù)**: To fall into / be caught by
- **付出 (fùchū)**: To pay; to expend (cost)
- **骑车 (qí chē)**: To ride a bike
- **开车 (kāichē)**: To drive a car
- **谈 (tán)**: To talk
- **休息 (xiūxí)**: To rest / take a break
- **遇到 (yù)**: To encounter
- **体验 (tǐyàn)**: To experience
- **处理 (chǔlǐ)**: To deal with / handle
- **偷偷 (tōutōu)**: Secretly
- **请客 (Nǐ qǐngkè!)**: Your treat!

### Feelings & Emotions

- **麻烦 (máfan)**: Troublesome
- **担心 (dānxīn)**: Worried
- **悲伤 (bēishāng)**: Sadness
- **惊讶 (jīngyà)**: Surprised
- **愤怒 (fènnù)**: Rage
- **激动 (jīdòng)**: Excited (intensely)
- **压力 (yālì)**: Pressure; stress
- **放松 (fàngsōng)**: Relaxed
- **肉疼 (ròuténg)**: Pain from spending a lot of money
- **爽 (shuǎng)**: To feel good (colloquial)
- **她非常有耐心 (Tā fēicháng yǒu nàixīn)**: She is very patient.

### Medical & Health

- **个人医疗指示 (Gèrén yīliáo zhǐshì)**: Personal medical directive
- **绝不输入 (juébù shūrù)**: Never transfuse
- **全血 (quánxuè)**: Whole blood
- **红细胞 (hóngxìbāo)**: Red blood cells
- **白细胞 (báixìbāo)**: White blood cells
- **血小板 (xuèxiǎobǎn)**: Platelets
- **血浆 (xuèjiāng)**: Plasma
- **治疗 (zhìliáo)**: Treatment
- **放弃 (fàngqì)**: To give up
- **安眠药 (Ānmiányào)**: Sleeping pills
- **我的头还是很晕 (Wǒ de tóu háishì hěn yūn)**: My head is still spinning
- **最近流感在中国非常严重 (Zuìjìn liúgǎn zài zhōngguó fēicháng yánzhòng)**: Lately the flu in China is very serious
- **中医 (Zhōngyī)**: Traditional Chinese Medicine

### Technology & Gaming

- **生存刀 (Shēngcún dāo)**: Survival Knife
- **指甲刀 (Zhǐjiǎ dāo)**: Nail Clippers
- **账号 (zhànghào)**: Account (e.g., online)
- **评测 (píngcè)**: Review (of a product)
- **电量 (diànliàng)**: Battery life
- **发热 (fārè)**: To generate heat
- **游戏配件 (Yóuxì pèijiàn)**: Gaming accessories
- **握把 (wòbǎ)**: A grip
- **保护膜 (bǎohù mó)**: Protective film / Screen protector
- **保护套 (bǎohù tào)**: Protective case
- **充电宝 (chōngdiàn bǎo)**: Battery pack / Power bank
- **数据线 (shùjù xiàn)**: Data cable
- **掌机 (zhǎng jī)**: Handheld console
- **3D打印 (3D dǎyìn)**: 3D Printing

## Conversations

### Dinner Preparation

- **Wife**: 亲爱的，今天晚上想吃什么？ (Honey, what do you want to eat tonight?)
- **Husband**: 随便，你做什么我都喜欢。(Whatever, I like anything you make.)
- **Wife**: 那我做你最喜欢的红烧肉好不好？(Then how about I make your favorite braised pork?)
- **Husband**: 太好了！谢谢老婆。(Great! Thank you, love.)

### Coincidental Meeting at a Coffee Shop

- **S**: 哎？JS! 你也在这里啊，好巧！ (Huh? JS! You're here too? What a coincidence!)
- **JS**: 哎？Spencer? 真的是你！最近怎么样啊？好久不见了？ (Huh? Spencer? It's really you! How have you been? Long time no see!)
- **S**: 是啊，世界真小！要不要一起坐一会儿，聊聊天儿? (Yes, it’s a small world! Do you want to sit for a while and chat?)

### Discussing the Weather

- **A**: 你好, 今天很热, 你也是来乘凉吗? (Hello, it's very hot today. Are you also here to cool off?)
- **B**: 对啊，又热又吵。(Yes, it's hot and humid.)
- **A**: 你有什么降暑的好方法吗？ (Do you have any good ways to beat the heat?)
- **B**: 留在家里吹空调。(Stay at home and blast the air conditioning.)

## Cultural Notes, Idioms & Slang

- **有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (Yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū)**: "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from afar."
- **人山人海 (Rénshānrénhǎi)**: "People mountain, people sea." An idiom describing huge crowds.
- **心静自然凉 (Xīnjìng zìrán liáng)**: "A calm heart keeps you naturally cool."
- **亦敌亦友 (Yì dí yì yǒu)**: Frenemies.
- **厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)**: "Thick-skinned." Not easily affected by criticism.
- **冲手法 (Chōng shǒufǎ)**: Rushing to be the first to buy a new product.
- **废了 (fèile)**: Slang for feeling exhausted.
- **虎 (hǔ)**: Slang for fierce or reckless.
- **电子阳痿 (Diànzǐ yángwěi)**: "Electronic impotence." Buying many games but lacking the motivation to play them.
- **猫屎咖啡 (Māo shǐ kāfēi)**: "Cat poop coffee" (Kopi luwak).
- **Spring Festival Customs**: Notes on traditions like **春联 (Chūnlián)** (Spring Couplets) and the character **福 (fú)** (blessing/fortune).
- **"Wife and Mother in Water" Dilemma**: A classic tricky question: "If your mother and I fell into the water, who would you save first?"
- **被割韭菜 (bèi gē jiǔcài)**: "To be cut like leeks." An idiom for being repeatedly exploited financially, especially when new to something. 
    - *Example*: 每天都有无数小白被割韭菜 (Měitiān doū yǒu wúshù xiǎobái bèi gē jiǔcài) - Every day, countless beginners are taken advantage of.
    - *Example*: 你被割韭菜了 (Nǐ bèi gē jiǔcàile) - You've been taken advantage of.