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# Random Words
特別活動 -> とくべつ かつどう -> Special Activity
分会 -> ぶんかい -> To separate
旅行客 -> りょこうきゃく -> Visitors
大会 -> たいかい -> Assembly
割り当て -> わりあて
スリ - Pickpocket
する -> To pickpocket
冷やす -> ひやす -> To make cold (たどうし)
冷える　-> ひえる -> To make cold (じどうし)
貼る -> はる -> To stick/Paste 
入れる -> いれる -> To Insert (たどうし)
入る -> はいる -> To Insert (じどうし)


# Main Point
## Resulting States: じどうし + ています vs. たどうし + てあります

When you want to describe the **current state something is in as a result of an action**, you use Vて + います or Vて + あります — which one depends on whether the verb is intransitive or transitive.

- **じどうし** (intransitive) — the subject acts on *itself*. No object. The thing just *is* in a state.
- **たどうし** (transitive) — someone acts *on* something else. There's an agent and an object.

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### The Two Patterns

| Type | Formula | Nuance |
|---|---|---|
| じどうし | **[Object]が [じどうし]ています** | The thing is in a state. Agent unknown or irrelevant. |
| たどうし | **[Agent]は [Object]を [たどうし]てあります** | Someone *intentionally* put it in that state. |

> Use **いました / ありました** for past states.

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### Core Contrast

ドアが開いています
The door is open. (It opened — maybe on its own, maybe someone did it, doesn't matter.)

彼はドアを開けてあります
He has opened the door. (He did it on purpose. We know who.)

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### Common じどうし・たどうし Pairs

| じどうし (int.) | たどうし (tr.) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 開く (あく) | 開ける (あける) | to open |
| 閉まる (しまる) | 閉める (しめる) | to close |
| 消える (きえる) | 消す (けす) | to go out / to turn off |
| 冷える (ひえる) | 冷やす (ひやす) | to get cold / to cool |
| 入る (はいる) | 入れる (いれる) | to be inside / to insert |

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### Examples

**じどうし + ています**

飲み物は冷蔵庫で冷えています
The drinks are chilling in the refrigerator.
- 冷える is intransitive — the drinks are just *in the state* of being cold.

パスポートが入っています
The passport is (inside the drawer).
- 入る is intransitive — it's just in there.

運転するときにパスポートを持っています
I carry my passport when I drive.

スーパーに行く時に家にパスポートを置いています
I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket.

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**たどうし + てあります**

彼は窓を閉めてありました
He had closed the window.
- 閉める is transitive — he did it intentionally.

テレビを消してありました
The TV had been turned off.
- No explicit subject, but *somebody* switched it off. Didn't turn itself off.

家を掃除してありました
The house had been cleaned.

パーティーのために、私は飲み物を冷蔵庫で冷やしてありました
For the party, I had kept the drinks chilled in the refrigerator.
- Same situation as the じどうし example above, but now *I* am the agent doing it intentionally.

パスポートは机に入れてあります
My passport has been put in the drawer.
- 入れる is transitive — someone (me) put it there.

スペンサーは昼ご飯を作ってありますか？
Has Spencer made lunch?

昼ご飯はまだ作ってありません
I haven't made lunch yet.

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### Edge Case: Verbs With No Intransitive Form

Some verbs — like **おく** (to place) and **かける** (to hang) — don't have an intransitive counterpart. For these, use the **passive form (うけみけい)** instead.

花がテーブルの上に置かれています
Flowers are placed on the table.

カレンダーが壁に掛けられています
The calendar is hanging on the wall.