Inanis_Vault/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class Notes April 9 2025.md

type, title, date

type	title	date
Classes	04/09/2025 - Japanese Class	2025-04-09

Last Weeks Class:

04/02/2025 - Japanese Class

Vocabulary:

A. Basic Actions & Activities:

• 皿洗い (さらあらい) - Sara-arai: Washing dishes

• 料理 (りょうり) - Ryōri: Cooking

• 料理を作る (りょうり を つくる) - Ryōri o tsukuru: To make dishes / To cook

  • しんぷるな料理を作ります (しんぷる な りょうり を つくります) - Shinpuru na ryōri o tsukurimasu: I make simple dishes.

B. Adverbs of Frequency:

• よく (yoku): Often

• ときどき / 時々 (tokidoki): Sometimes

• たまに (tamani): Infrequently / Occasionally

• あまり (amari) + negative verb: Not often

• ぜんぜん (zenzen) + negative verb: Never

• 毎週 (まいしゅう) - Maishū: Every week

C. Describing Hunger:

• おなかがすきます (onaka ga sukimasu): (I am) hungry.

D. Describing Quantity (with Food - Example):

• たくさん (takusan): Plenty / A lot

  • 比呂はご飯をたくさん食べます (ひろ は ごはん を たくさん たべます) - Hiro wa gohan o takusan tabemasu: Hiro eats plenty of rice / A lot of rice. (Note: "ご飯" - gohan - means cooked rice or a meal in general. "ランチ" - ranchi - means lunch.)

  • 比呂はランチをたくさん食べます (ひろ は ランチ を たくさん たべます) - Hiro wa ranchi o takusan tabemasu: Hiro eats plenty of lunch.

• 少し (すこし) - Sukoshi: A little bit

  • 比呂はご飯を少し食べます (ひろ は ごはん を すこし たべます) - Hiro wa gohan o sukoshi tabemasu: Hiro eats a little bit of rice.

  • 比呂はランチを少し食べます (ひろ は ランチ を すこし 食べます) - Hiro wa ranchi o sukoshi tabemasu: Hiro eats a little bit for lunch.

E. Expressing "Actually":

• 実は (じつは) - Jitsu wa: Actually,

  • 実は沖縄のオレンジジュースは好きです (じつ は おきなわ の オレンジ ジュース は すき です) - Jitsu wa Okinawa no orenji jūsu wa suki desu: Actually, I like Okinawan orange juice.

F. Time Expressions:

• 火曜日午後七時です (かようび ごご しちじ です) - Kayōbi gogo shichiji desu: It's Tuesday at 7 pm.

• 日曜日午前九時半です (にちようび ごぜん kuji han desu): It's 9:30 am on Sunday.

• いつ (itsu): When

  • いつ聖書読みますか？ (いつ せいしょ よみます か？) - Itsu seisho yomimasu ka?: When do you read the Bible?

• 七月 (しちがつ) - Shichigatsu: July

  • 七月に (しちがつ に) - Shichigatsu ni: In July

  • 七月に地区大会があります (しちがつ に ちくたいかい が あります) - Shichigatsu ni chiku taikai ga arimasu: The district convention will be held in July.

G. Verbs Related to Participation:

• 参加する (さんかする) - Sanka suru: To attend / To participate

  • 聖書レッスンに参加しませんか (せいしょ レッスン に さんか しませんか) - Seisho ressun ni sanka shimasen ka: Would you like to join us for a Bible study? (Note: The original note was "聖書レッスン参加しませんか" which is grammatically correct but slightly less formal. Adding the particle "に" after "聖書レッスン" - Bible study - makes it clearer that you are participating in the Bible study.)

Grammar Points:

• Particle に (ni) for Absolute Time: Use the particle に (ni) to indicate a specific point in time, such as:

  • Days of the week (e.g., 火曜日に - on Tuesday)

  • Specific times (e.g., 午後七時に - at 7 pm)

  • Months (e.g., 七月に - in July)

• No Particle for Relative Time: You generally do not use the particle に (ni) with adverbs of frequency (e.g., よく, ときどき, 毎週).

• Optional に (ni) for Approximate Times: While に (ni) is often used for specific times, it can sometimes be omitted for more approximate times, especially in casual speech. However, it's generally safer and more correct to include it for specific times and dates.

• Invitation/Suggestion with 〜ませんか (〜masenka?): This polite grammatical structure is used to invite someone to do something or to make a suggestion. It is formed by using the negative form of a verb (masu-stem + masen) followed by the question particle か (ka).

  • 行く (iku) - to go → 行きません (ikimasen) - do not go → 行きませんか (ikimasen ka) - Would you like to go?

  • 食べる (taberu) - to eat → 食べません (tabemasen) - do not eat → 食べませんか (tabemasen ka) - Would you like to eat?

  • 参加する (sanka suru) - to participate → 参加しません (sanka shimasen) - do not participate → 参加しませんか (sanka shimasen ka) - Would you like to participate?

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