Files

Spencer Grimes 7d1e0105df "vault backup: 2025-11-03 13:04:57 from Flow"

2025-11-03 13:04:57 +09:00

10 KiB

Raw Blame History

type, title, date

type	title	date
Knowledge	Synthesized Chinese Class Notes	2025-10-23

Synthesized Chinese Class Notes

This note is a synthesized compilation of all Chinese class notes from the 10-Input folder. The content has been organized by topic for clarity and ease of reference.

Grammar

This section covers sentence structures, verb complements, and key grammatical patterns.

Sentence Patterns

Expressing "Structure is complex": SUBJECT + 的构造非常复杂 (de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá)
Estimating a Quantity: 估计 (Gūjì) + SUBJECT + 有 (yǒu) + NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT
Reacting to News: 听到 (Tīng dào) + {THING HEARD}, SUBJECT + 会/很 (huì/hěn) + {FEELING}, 甚至觉得 (shènzhì juédé) + {EVEN STRONGER FEELING/REACTION}
Remembering / Forgetting: SUBJECT + 记得/不记得 (jìdé/bù jìdé) + OBJECT
Learning from Someone's Example: 我们陷入 (Wǒmen xiànrù) + {SITUATION} + 时 (shí), 可以怎样向 (kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng) + {PERSON} + 学习 (xuéxí)?
Considering the Cost: 在 (zài) + {ACTION} + 之前 (zhīqián), 先想想你需要为此付出什么, 包括投入多少时间, 精力, 和财务 (xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme, bāokuò tóurù duōshǎo shíjiān, jīnglì, hé cáiwù)
Expressing Feelings: 我感觉 (Wǒ gǎnjué) + 很 (hěn) + EMOTION
"Not Only..., But Also..." (Negative Emphasis): SUBJECT + 不但 (bùdàn) + {BAD THING}, 反而 (fǎn'ér) + {EVEN WORSE THING}
Leaving a Matter to Someone: 我会儿把 (Wǒ huì bǎ) + {THE MATTER} + 交给 (jiāo gěi) + {ENTITY} + 处理 (chǔlǐ)
Expressing Fear of Loss: 我特别害怕失去 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù) + {OBJECT/CONCEPT}
"First..., Then...": 我想先 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān) + ACTION 1 + 再 (zài) + ACTION 2
Waiting for Something Impatiently: SUBJECT + 终于 (zhōngyú) + VERB + 了 (le), 我都快等死了 (Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle)
Not Ashamed, But Proud: SUBJECT + 不以 (bù yǐ) + {THING} + 为耻 (wéi chǐ), 反而以 (fǎn'ér yǐ) + {THING} + 为荣 (wéi róng)
"I Just Couldn't..." (Expressing Frustration): 怎么就是 (zěnme jiùshì) + {UNPLEASANT RESULT}
"Tell me when...": 等你 (Děng nǐ) + ACTION 1 + 了告诉我 (le gàosù wǒ), 我想 (wǒ xiǎng) + ACTION 2
Using de for more detail: Place de after a verb to add more detail to the action. Ni chi de shenme? (You ate what?)
Yào zǒule - Something is going to happen: Subj + Yào + Verb + Optional Object + le
bù míngbái - I don't understand how to...: {{Thing you don't understand}} wǒ zhēn de {{Optional Verb}} bù míngbái.
"ADJ1 and also ADJ2": Subj + 又 + ADJ1 + 又 + ADJ2
- Example: 我又高又帅 (Wǒ yòu gāo yòu shuài) - I am tall and handsome.
- Example: 这里的菜又便宜又好吃 (Zhèlǐ de cài yòu piányí yòu hào chī) - The food here is cheap and delicious.
"Besides...": 除了...., Subj 还.... (Chúle...., Subj hái....)
- Example: 除了饭，你们还会买什么？ (Chúle fàn, nǐmen hái huì mǎi shénme?) - Besides food, what else will you buy?

Verb Complements

下来 (xiàlái): Indicates an action completed from beginning to end.
起来 (qǐlái):
1. Directional (low to high): 站起来 (Stand up).
2. Subjective Feeling (with senses): 海鲜看起来很好吃 (The seafood looks delicious).
出来 (chūlái): Indicates movement from inside to outside.
伤 (shāng): A result complement indicating an action caused injury.

"Again": 又 (Yòu) vs. 再 (Zài)

又 (Yòu): Used for an action that happened again in the past.
再 (Zài): Used for an action that will happen again in the present or future.

Vocabulary

General Words & Phrases

想法不错 (Xiǎngfǎ bùcuò): Good Idea
随便 (Suíbiàn): Whatever; anything is fine.
幽默 (yōumò): Funny; humorous
榜样 (bǎngyàng): Role model
勇气 (yǒngqì): Courage
包括 (bāokuò): To include
从现在起 (cóng xiànzài qǐ): From now on
注意 (zhùyì): To pay attention to
安全 (ānquán): Safety
项目 (xiàngmù): Project
没想到 (Méi xiǎngdào): Didn't expect (in a good way)
随机 (suíjī): Random
尴尬 (gāngà): Awkward; embarrassing
量 (liàng): Quantity
失去 (shīqù): To lose
自由 (zìyóu): Freedom
矛盾 (máodùn): Contradiction
憎恨 (zēnghèn): Hatred
倾向 (qīngxiàng): Tendency
假的 (Jiǎde): Fake
骗 (Piàn): Cheated/Deceived
小白 (xiǎobái): Little White -> Beginner
韭菜 (Jiǔcài): Chinese Chives/Leeks
无数 (wúshù): Limitless
我感冒了 (Wǒ gǎnmàole): I have a cold
传染 (chuánrǎn): to infect
他是我的最爱 (Tā shì wǒ de zuì ài): She is my favorite
你理发了! (Nǐ lǐfàle!): You got a haircut!
有期待 (yǒu qídài): Have expectations / Look forward to something

People & Relationships

你是真男人 (Nǐ shì zhēn nánrén): You are a real man!
前妻 (qiánqī): Ex-wife
前夫 (qiánfū): Ex-husband
前任 (qiánrèn): Ex (gender-neutral)
老婆 (lǎopó): Wife (endearing term)
客户 (kèhù): Client
发型师 (fǎxíng shī): Hairdresser

Actions & Verbs

留胡子 (liú húzǐ): To grow a beard
被封了 (bèi fēngle): To get banned
记得 (jìdé): To remember
陷入 (xiànrù): To fall into / be caught by
付出 (fùchū): To pay; to expend (cost)
骑车 (qí chē): To ride a bike
开车 (kāichē): To drive a car
谈 (tán): To talk
休息 (xiūxí): To rest / take a break
遇到 (yù): To encounter
体验 (tǐyàn): To experience
处理 (chǔlǐ): To deal with / handle
偷偷 (tōutōu): Secretly
请客 (Nǐ qǐngkè!): Your treat!

Feelings & Emotions

麻烦 (máfan): Troublesome
担心 (dānxīn): Worried
悲伤 (bēishāng): Sadness
惊讶 (jīngyà): Surprised
愤怒 (fènnù): Rage
激动 (jīdòng): Excited (intensely)
压力 (yālì): Pressure; stress
放松 (fàngsōng): Relaxed
肉疼 (ròuténg): Pain from spending a lot of money
爽 (shuǎng): To feel good (colloquial)

Medical & Health

个人医疗指示 (Gèrén yīliáo zhǐshì): Personal medical directive
绝不输入 (juébù shūrù): Never transfuse
全血 (quánxuè): Whole blood
红细胞 (hóngxìbāo): Red blood cells
白细胞 (báixìbāo): White blood cells
血小板 (xuèxiǎobǎn): Platelets
血浆 (xuèjiāng): Plasma
治疗 (zhìliáo): Treatment
放弃 (fàngqì): To give up
安眠药 (Ānmiányào): Sleeping pills

Technology & Gaming

生存刀 (Shēngcún dāo): Survival Knife
指甲刀 (Zhǐjiǎ dāo): Nail Clippers
账号 (zhànghào): Account (e.g., online)
评测 (píngcè): Review (of a product)
电量 (diànliàng): Battery life
发热 (fārè): To generate heat
游戏配件 (Yóuxì pèijiàn): Gaming accessories
握把 (wòbǎ): A grip
保护膜 (bǎohù mó): Protective film / Screen protector
保护套 (bǎohù tào): Protective case
充电宝 (chōngdiàn bǎo): Battery pack / Power bank
数据线 (shùjù xiàn): Data cable
掌机 (zhǎng jī): Handheld console
3D打印 (3D dǎyìn): 3D Printing

Conversations

Dinner Preparation

Wife: 亲爱的，今天晚上想吃什么？ (Honey, what do you want to eat tonight?)
Husband: 随便，你做什么我都喜欢。(Whatever, I like anything you make.)
Wife: 那我做你最喜欢的红烧肉好不好？(Then how about I make your favorite braised pork?)
Husband: 太好了！谢谢老婆。(Great! Thank you, love.)

Coincidental Meeting at a Coffee Shop

S: 哎？JS! 你也在这里啊，好巧！ (Huh? JS! You're here too? What a coincidence!)
JS: 哎？Spencer? 真的是你！最近怎么样啊？好久不见了？ (Huh? Spencer? It's really you! How have you been? Long time no see!)
S: 是啊，世界真小！要不要一起坐一会儿，聊聊天儿? (Yes, it’s a small world! Do you want to sit for a while and chat?)

Discussing the Weather

A: 你好, 今天很热, 你也是来乘凉吗? (Hello, it's very hot today. Are you also here to cool off?)
B: 对啊，又热又吵。(Yes, it's hot and humid.)
A: 你有什么降暑的好方法吗？ (Do you have any good ways to beat the heat?)
B: 留在家里吹空调。(Stay at home and blast the air conditioning.)

Cultural Notes, Idioms & Slang

有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (Yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū): "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from afar."
人山人海 (Rénshānrénhǎi): "People mountain, people sea." An idiom describing huge crowds.
心静自然凉 (Xīnjìng zìrán liáng): "A calm heart keeps you naturally cool."
亦敌亦友 (Yì dí yì yǒu): Frenemies.
厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí): "Thick-skinned." Not easily affected by criticism.
冲手法 (Chōng shǒufǎ): Rushing to be the first to buy a new product.
废了 (fèile): Slang for feeling exhausted.
虎 (hǔ): Slang for fierce or reckless.
电子阳痿 (Diànzǐ yángwěi): "Electronic impotence." Buying many games but lacking the motivation to play them.
猫屎咖啡 (Māo shǐ kāfēi): "Cat poop coffee" (Kopi luwak).
Spring Festival Customs: Notes on traditions like 春联 (Chūnlián) (Spring Couplets) and the character 福 (fú) (blessing/fortune).
"Wife and Mother in Water" Dilemma: A classic tricky question: "If your mother and I fell into the water, who would you save first?"
被割韭菜 (bèi gē jiǔcài): "To be cut like leeks." An idiom for being repeatedly exploited financially, especially when new to something.
- Example: 每天都有无数小白被割韭菜 (Měitiān doū yǒu wúshù xiǎobái bèi gē jiǔcài) - Every day, countless beginners are taken advantage of.
- Example: 你被割韭菜了 (Nǐ bèi gē jiǔcàile) - You've been taken advantage of.

10 KiB Raw Blame History Unescape Escape