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Last Weeks Homework
Synopsis from Japanese Class_2026-03-23.md: Continued Special Humble Speech (Tokubetsu no Kenjougo) with verbs like 'mairimasu' (go/come), 'orimasu' (be), and 'moushimasu' (say). Introduced the 'V-naide' pattern for expressing 'instead of' doing something. Vocabulary included clothing items (short/long sleeves, shorts) and terms like 'kouei' (honor) and 'renkyuu' (long holiday).
Random Words
- 学習しました -> I learned something
- 上着 - うわぎ -> Jacket
- 下着 -> したぎ -> Underwear
- 薄着 -> うすぎ -> Thin Clothes (Summer Clothes)
- 厚着 -> あつぎ -> Thick Clothes (Winter Clothes)
- 記憶喪失 -> きおくそうしつ -> Memory Loss
- 離陸する -> りりくする -> To Take off (like in an airplane)
- 着陸する -> ちゃくりくする -> To Land (like in an airplane)
- 到着 -> とうちゃく -> Arrival
- 間違う -> まちがう -> To make a mistake
- 文章 -> ぶんしょ -> Documents
- お見合い -> おみあい -> Arranged Marriage
- 招待する -> しょうたいする -> to invite
Main Point
Embedded Question
When you want to stick a "Who/What/Where/When/Why" question into the middle of a sentence, you follow this formula:
[Question in Plain Form] + か + [Main Verb]
The verb inside that first part must be in the Plain Form (e.g., たべる instead of たべます).
-
ビールをなんぼんのんだか、わかりません。
- Literal: How many bottles drank [か], don't know.
- Natural: I don't know how many beers I drank.
-
どこにすんでいるか、おしえてください。
- Literal: Where living [か], please tell me.
- Natural: Please tell me where you live.
-
いつかいぎがあるか、しっていますか。
- Literal: When meeting is [か], do you know?
- Natural: Do you know when the meeting is?
Noun / な-Adjectives
When you use a Noun or a な-Adjective with this specific grammar, you drop the "だ".
- Correct: どこが不便か、教えてください。 (Tell me what is inconvenient.)
- Incorrect: どこが不便
だか... No です・だ, skip it entirely.
Whether or Not
かどうか is used for Yes/No questions where there is no interrogative word (like "where" or "who").
-
If there's a question word (Who/What/etc): Just use か.
-
If there's NO question word: Use かどうか.
-
私が結婚しているかどうか、わかりません。
- "I don't know whether or not I am married."
- You what now?
- "I don't know whether or not I am married."
-
家族がいるかどうか、わかりません。
- "I don't know if I have family (there) or not."
Examples
- 事故に遭ったかどうか、覚えっていません
- I don't remember if the accident happened or not
- ここはどこか、私は誰か、どうしてここにいるか、かぞくがいるか、おぼえていません
- I do not remember where I am, who I am, why I am here, or if I have a family.
- 私はA-さんがどこにいるか、わかりません
- B-さんが卒業したかどうか、知りません
- I don't know whether B-san graduated or not.
- いつ離陸するか、教えてください
- Please tell me when we will take off.
- 私は文書が間違っているかどうか、チェックします
- I will check whether the document is incorrect.
- 招待したの人が来るかどうか、知りません
- I don't know whether the people I invited will come or not.
Supplementary Notes
- For 知っている, we can only use ています in the affirmative, not in the negative.