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Knowledge Synthesized Chinese Class Notes 2025-10-23

Synthesized Chinese Class Notes

This note is a synthesized compilation of all Chinese class notes from the 10-Input folder. The content has been organized by topic for clarity and ease of reference.

Grammar

This section covers sentence structures, verb complements, and key grammatical patterns.

Sentence Patterns

  • Expressing "Structure is complex": SUBJECT + 的构造非常复杂 (de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá)
  • Estimating a Quantity: 估计 (Gūjì) + SUBJECT + 有 (yǒu) + NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT
  • Reacting to News: 听到 (Tīng dào) + {THING HEARD}, SUBJECT + 会/很 (huì/hěn) + {FEELING}, 甚至觉得 (shènzhì juédé) + {EVEN STRONGER FEELING/REACTION}
  • Remembering / Forgetting: SUBJECT + 记得/不记得 (jìdé/bù jìdé) + OBJECT
  • Learning from Someone's Example: 我们陷入 (Wǒmen xiànrù) + {SITUATION} + 时 (shí), 可以怎样向 (kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng) + {PERSON} + 学习 (xuéxí)?
  • Considering the Cost: 在 (zài) + {ACTION} + 之前 (zhīqián), 先想想你需要为此付出什么, 包括投入多少时间, 精力, 和财务 (xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme, bāokuò tóurù duōshǎo shíjiān, jīnglì, hé cáiwù)
  • Expressing Feelings: 我感觉 (Wǒ gǎnjué) + 很 (hěn) + EMOTION
  • "Not Only..., But Also..." (Negative Emphasis): SUBJECT + 不但 (bùdàn) + {BAD THING}, 反而 (fǎn'ér) + {EVEN WORSE THING}
  • Leaving a Matter to Someone: 我会儿把 (Wǒ huì bǎ) + {THE MATTER} + 交给 (jiāo gěi) + {ENTITY} + 处理 (chǔlǐ)
  • Expressing Fear of Loss: 我特别害怕失去 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù) + {OBJECT/CONCEPT}
  • "First..., Then...": 我想先 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān) + ACTION 1 + 再 (zài) + ACTION 2
  • Waiting for Something Impatiently: SUBJECT + 终于 (zhōngyú) + VERB + 了 (le), 我都快等死了 (Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle)
  • Not Ashamed, But Proud: SUBJECT + 不以 (bù yǐ) + {THING} + 为耻 (wéi chǐ), 反而以 (fǎn'ér yǐ) + {THING} + 为荣 (wéi róng)
  • "I Just Couldn't..." (Expressing Frustration): 怎么就是 (zěnme jiùshì) + {UNPLEASANT RESULT}
  • "Tell me when...": 等你 (Děng nǐ) + ACTION 1 + 了告诉我 (le gàosù wǒ), 我想 (wǒ xiǎng) + ACTION 2
  • Using de for more detail: Place de after a verb to add more detail to the action. Ni chi de shenme? (You ate what?)
  • Yào zǒule - Something is going to happen: Subj + Yào + Verb + Optional Object + le
  • bù míngbái - I don't understand how to...: {{Thing you don't understand}} wǒ zhēn de {{Optional Verb}} bù míngbái.
  • "ADJ1 and also ADJ2": Subj + 又 + ADJ1 + 又 + ADJ2
    • Example: 我又高又帅 (Wǒ yòu gāo yòu shuài) - I am tall and handsome.
    • Example: 这里的菜又便宜又好吃 (Zhèlǐ de cài yòu piányí yòu hào chī) - The food here is cheap and delicious.
  • "Besides...": 除了...., Subj 还.... (Chúle...., Subj hái....)
    • Example: 除了饭，你们还会买什么？ (Chúle fàn, nǐmen hái huì mǎi shénme?) - Besides food, what else will you buy?

Verb Complements

  • 下来 (xiàlái): Indicates an action completed from beginning to end.
  • 起来 (qǐlái):
    1. Directional (low to high): 站起来 (Stand up).
    2. Subjective Feeling (with senses): 海鲜看起来很好吃 (The seafood looks delicious).
  • 出来 (chūlái): Indicates movement from inside to outside.
  • 伤 (shāng): A result complement indicating an action caused injury.

"Again": 又 (Yòu) vs. 再 (Zài)

  • 又 (Yòu): Used for an action that happened again in the past.
  • 再 (Zài): Used for an action that will happen again in the present or future.

Vocabulary

General Words & Phrases

  • 想法不错 (Xiǎngfǎ bùcuò): Good Idea
  • 随便 (Suíbiàn): Whatever; anything is fine.
  • 幽默 (yōumò): Funny; humorous
  • 榜样 (bǎngyàng): Role model
  • 勇气 (yǒngqì): Courage
  • 包括 (bāokuò): To include
  • 从现在起 (cóng xiànzài qǐ): From now on
  • 注意 (zhùyì): To pay attention to
  • 安全 (ānquán): Safety
  • 项目 (xiàngmù): Project
  • 没想到 (Méi xiǎngdào): Didn't expect (in a good way)
  • 随机 (suíjī): Random
  • 尴尬 (gāngà): Awkward; embarrassing
  • 量 (liàng): Quantity
  • 失去 (shīqù): To lose
  • 自由 (zìyóu): Freedom
  • 矛盾 (máodùn): Contradiction
  • 憎恨 (zēnghèn): Hatred
  • 倾向 (qīngxiàng): Tendency
  • 假的 (Jiǎde): Fake
  • 骗 (Piàn): Cheated/Deceived
  • 小白 (xiǎobái): Little White -> Beginner
  • 韭菜 (Jiǔcài): Chinese Chives/Leeks
  • 无数 (wúshù): Limitless
  • 我感冒了 (Wǒ gǎnmàole): I have a cold
  • 传染 (chuánrǎn): to infect
  • 他是我的最爱 (Tā shì wǒ de zuì ài): She is my favorite
  • 你理发了! (Nǐ lǐfàle!): You got a haircut!
  • 有期待 (yǒu qídài): Have expectations / Look forward to something
  • 你的日语课伤得怎么样？ (Nǐ de rìyǔ kè shāng dé zěnme yàng?): How is your Japanese class going?
  • 眼睛 (yǎn jīng): eye
  • 亚马逊 (Yàmǎxùn): Amazon
  • 我在亚马逊上买的 (Wǒ zài yàmǎxùn shang mǎi de): I bought them from amazon
  • 冲绳 (Chōngshéng): Okinawa
  • 他不想和我聊天 (Tā bùxiǎng hé wǒ liáotiān): She doesn't want to chat with me
  • 农村 (nóng cūn): countryside

People & Relationships

  • 你是真男人 (Nǐ shì zhēn nánrén): You are a real man!
  • 前妻 (qiánqī): Ex-wife
  • 前夫 (qiánfū): Ex-husband
  • 前任 (qiánrèn): Ex (gender-neutral)
  • 老婆 (lǎopó): Wife (endearing term)
  • 客户 (kèhù): Client
  • 发型师 (fǎxíng shī): Hairdresser
  • 传统的日本人 (Chuántǒng de rìběn rén): Traditional Japanese Person
  • 单身 (dān shēn): Single
  • 他有点儿严格 (Tā yǒudiǎn er yángé): He's a bit strict

Actions & Verbs

  • 留胡子 (liú húzǐ): To grow a beard
  • 被封了 (bèi fēngle): To get banned
  • 记得 (jìdé): To remember
  • 陷入 (xiànrù): To fall into / be caught by
  • 付出 (fùchū): To pay; to expend (cost)
  • 骑车 (qí chē): To ride a bike
  • 开车 (kāichē): To drive a car
  • 谈 (tán): To talk
  • 休息 (xiūxí): To rest / take a break
  • 遇到 (yù): To encounter
  • 体验 (tǐyàn): To experience
  • 处理 (chǔlǐ): To deal with / handle
  • 偷偷 (tōutōu): Secretly
  • 请客 (Nǐ qǐngkè!): Your treat!

Feelings & Emotions

  • 麻烦 (máfan): Troublesome
  • 担心 (dānxīn): Worried
  • 悲伤 (bēishāng): Sadness
  • 惊讶 (jīngyà): Surprised
  • 愤怒 (fènnù): Rage
  • 激动 (jīdòng): Excited (intensely)
  • 压力 (yālì): Pressure; stress
  • 放松 (fàngsōng): Relaxed
  • 肉疼 (ròuténg): Pain from spending a lot of money
  • 爽 (shuǎng): To feel good (colloquial)

Medical & Health

  • 个人医疗指示 (Gèrén yīliáo zhǐshì): Personal medical directive
  • 绝不输入 (juébù shūrù): Never transfuse
  • 全血 (quánxuè): Whole blood
  • 红细胞 (hóngxìbāo): Red blood cells
  • 白细胞 (báixìbāo): White blood cells
  • 血小板 (xuèxiǎobǎn): Platelets
  • 血浆 (xuèjiāng): Plasma
  • 治疗 (zhìliáo): Treatment
  • 放弃 (fàngqì): To give up
  • 安眠药 (Ānmiányào): Sleeping pills

Technology & Gaming

  • 生存刀 (Shēngcún dāo): Survival Knife
  • 指甲刀 (Zhǐjiǎ dāo): Nail Clippers
  • 账号 (zhànghào): Account (e.g., online)
  • 评测 (píngcè): Review (of a product)
  • 电量 (diànliàng): Battery life
  • 发热 (fārè): To generate heat
  • 游戏配件 (Yóuxì pèijiàn): Gaming accessories
  • 握把 (wòbǎ): A grip
  • 保护膜 (bǎohù mó): Protective film / Screen protector
  • 保护套 (bǎohù tào): Protective case
  • 充电宝 (chōngdiàn bǎo): Battery pack / Power bank
  • 数据线 (shùjù xiàn): Data cable
  • 掌机 (zhǎng jī): Handheld console
  • 3D打印 (3D dǎyìn): 3D Printing

Conversations

Dinner Preparation

  • Wife: 亲爱的，今天晚上想吃什么？ (Honey, what do you want to eat tonight?)
  • Husband: 随便，你做什么我都喜欢。(Whatever, I like anything you make.)
  • Wife: 那我做你最喜欢的红烧肉好不好？(Then how about I make your favorite braised pork?)
  • Husband: 太好了！谢谢老婆。(Great! Thank you, love.)

Coincidental Meeting at a Coffee Shop

  • S: 哎？JS! 你也在这里啊，好巧！ (Huh? JS! You're here too? What a coincidence!)
  • JS: 哎？Spencer? 真的是你！最近怎么样啊？好久不见了？ (Huh? Spencer? It's really you! How have you been? Long time no see!)
  • S: 是啊，世界真小！要不要一起坐一会儿，聊聊天儿? (Yes, it’s a small world! Do you want to sit for a while and chat?)

Discussing the Weather

  • A: 你好, 今天很热, 你也是来乘凉吗? (Hello, it's very hot today. Are you also here to cool off?)
  • B: 对啊，又热又吵。(Yes, it's hot and humid.)
  • A: 你有什么降暑的好方法吗？ (Do you have any good ways to beat the heat?)
  • B: 留在家里吹空调。(Stay at home and blast the air conditioning.)

Cultural Notes, Idioms & Slang

  • 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (Yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū): "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from afar."
  • 人山人海 (Rénshānrénhǎi): "People mountain, people sea." An idiom describing huge crowds.
  • 心静自然凉 (Xīnjìng zìrán liáng): "A calm heart keeps you naturally cool."
  • 亦敌亦友 (Yì dí yì yǒu): Frenemies.
  • 厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí): "Thick-skinned." Not easily affected by criticism.
  • 冲手法 (Chōng shǒufǎ): Rushing to be the first to buy a new product.
  • 废了 (fèile): Slang for feeling exhausted.
  • 虎 (hǔ): Slang for fierce or reckless.
  • 电子阳痿 (Diànzǐ yángwěi): "Electronic impotence." Buying many games but lacking the motivation to play them.
  • 猫屎咖啡 (Māo shǐ kāfēi): "Cat poop coffee" (Kopi luwak).
  • Spring Festival Customs: Notes on traditions like 春联 (Chūnlián) (Spring Couplets) and the character 福 (fú) (blessing/fortune).
  • "Wife and Mother in Water" Dilemma: A classic tricky question: "If your mother and I fell into the water, who would you save first?"
  • 被割韭菜 (bèi gē jiǔcài): "To be cut like leeks." An idiom for being repeatedly exploited financially, especially when new to something.
    • Example: 每天都有无数小白被割韭菜 (Měitiān doū yǒu wúshù xiǎobái bèi gē jiǔcài) - Every day, countless beginners are taken advantage of.
    • Example: 你被割韭菜了 (Nǐ bèi gē jiǔcàile) - You've been taken advantage of.
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