"vault backup: 2026-03-11 19:48:15 from Flow"

20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md

@@ -260,12 +260,19 @@ This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between ver
     - *Example*: パーティーへ行かなくて、すみませんでした (I'm sorry I couldn't go to the party.)
 
 - **"Supposed to be" (はずです) - *Added: 2026-03-04***: Used to say "it's supposed to be the case." It indicates a strong expectation or certainty based on some evidence.
-    - **Structure**: [ Dictionary Form Verb / Negative Form (ない) / い-Adj / な-Adj + な / Noun + の ] + はずです
-    - **Vibe**: Similar to `と思います` but with a much stronger feeling of certainty.
-    - *Example (Verb)*: 今遅れています、でも彼は来るはずです (He's late now, but he should come.)
-    - *Example (Verb)*: ラーメン屋は行列していますから、おいしいはずです (There's a line at the ramen shop, so it must be delicious.)
-    - *Example (Adj)*: 彼女は英語がペラペラなはずです (She must be good at English [because she lived in America].)
-    - *Example (Noun)*: A-sanは芸術の学校で勉強したから、絵を描けるはずです (A-san studied at an art school, so he should be able to draw.)
+    - **Structure**: [ Regular Verb (Dictionary Form) / Regular Verb Negative Form (ない) / い-Adj / な-Adj + な / Noun + の ] + はずです
+    - **Vibe**: Very similar to `と思います`, but you have a stronger feeling about it. You use the regular form verb (no です or conjugation, just regular verb form) before it.
+    - **Comparison**:
+        - このレストランの料理は美味しいと思います (I think this restaurant cooking is good)
+        - このレストランの料理は美味しいはずです (I'm sure this restaurant cooking is good)
+    - **Examples**:
+        - 今遅れています、でも彼は来るはずです (He's late now, but he should come.)
+        - ラーメン屋は行列していますから、おいしいはずです (There's a line at the ramen shop, so it must be delicious.)
+        - 彼女はアメリカに四年間住んでいましたから、英語がペラペラなはずです (She lived in America for four years, so she must be good at English.)
+        - A-sanは芸術の学校で勉強したから、絵を描けるはずです (A-san studied at an art school, so he should be able to draw.)
+        - 娘は残業がないから、家に早く帰って来るはずです (My daughter doesn't have to work overtime, so she should be home early.)
+        - A さんは結婚したから、新しい家を買ったはずです (A got married, so he must have bought a new house.)
+        - Aさん東京大学から卒業したので、頭がいいはずです (Mr. A graduated from Tokyo University, so he must be smart.)
 
 - **Conditionals and Sequencing**:
     - **Conditional "If" (〜たら / 〜なら)** - *Updated: 2025-11-25*: `〜たら` is a common conditional formed with the past-tense plain form (た-form). `〜なら` is used for hypotheticals or contrasts based on a premise.