artanis/Inanis_Vault
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

"vault backup: 2025-11-06 12:07:23 from Flow"

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Spencer Grimes
2025-11-06 12:07:23 +09:00
parent 6aef65ff90
commit 57ee874d90
1 changed files with 10 additions and 10 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

20
20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Japanese-Class-Notes.md
View File

@@ -70,15 +70,17 @@ Used to express intention or suggestion in a non-polite way.
- **Irregular:** する → しよう, くる → こよう - **Irregular:** する → しよう, くる → こよう
#### Potential Verbs #### Potential Verbs
The potential form in Japanese is used to express **ability** or **possibility** (e.g., "can do," "is able to"). Once a verb is in its potential form, it functions grammatically as a **Group 2 (Ichidan) verb**. The potential form in Japanese is used to express **ability** or **possibility** (e.g., "can do," "is able to"). Once a verb is in its potential form, it functions grammatically as a **Group 2 (Ichidan) verb**.
##### 1. How to Form Potential Verbs (Conjugation) ##### 1. How to Form Potential Verbs (Conjugation)
| Verb Group | Base Form (Dictionary) | Conjugation Rule | Potential Form (Plain) | Example |
| :----------------------------- | :--------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Verb Group | Base Form (Dictionary) | Conjugation Rule | Potential Form (Plain) | Example |
| **Group 1** (Godan/U-verbs) | Ends in a U-row kana | Change the final U-sound to the equivalent **E-sound** and add **る** ($U \rightarrow E + る$) | $E-る$ verb | **話す** (hanasu - to speak) $\rightarrow$ **話せる** (hanaseru - can speak) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Group 2** (Ichidan/Ru-verbs) | Ends in **る** (preceded by E or I sound) | Replace **る** with **られる** ($る \rightarrow られる$) | $られる$ verb | **食べる** (taberu - to eat) $\rightarrow$ **食べられる** (taberareru - can eat) | | **Group 1** (Godan/U-verbs) | Ends in a U-row kana | Change the final U-sound to the equivalent **E-sound** and add **る** ($U \rightarrow E + る$) | $E-る$ verb | **話す** (hanasu - to speak) $\rightarrow$ **話せる** (hanaseru - can speak) |
| **Irregular** (する) | **する** (suru - to do) | Special exception | **できる** (dekiru - can do) | | | **Group 2** (Ichidan/Ru-verbs) | Ends in **る** (preceded by E or I sound) | Replace **る** with **られる** ($る \rightarrow られる$) | $られる$ verb | **食べる** (taberu - to eat) $\rightarrow$ **食べられる** (taberareru - can eat) |
| **Irregular** (来る) | **来る** (kuru - to come) | Special exception | **来られる** (korareru - can come) | | | **Irregular** (する) | **する** (suru - to do) | Special exception | **できる** (dekiru - can do) | |
| **Irregular** (来る) | **来る** (kuru - to come) | Special exception | **来られる** (korareru - can come) | |
###### 📝 Note: The ら-Drop (ら抜き言葉) ###### 📝 Note: The ら-Drop (ら抜き言葉)
In casual speech, especially for Group 2 verbs, the *ら* (ra) is often dropped. In casual speech, especially for Group 2 verbs, the *ら* (ra) is often dropped.
@@ -91,8 +93,7 @@ In casual speech, especially for Group 2 verbs, the *ら* (ra) is often dropped.
The most important grammatical rule for potential verbs is the change in the direct object particle. The most important grammatical rule for potential verbs is the change in the direct object particle.
###### Particle Change: を (o) $ ###### Particle Change: を (o) $\rightarrow$ が (ga)
ightarrow$ が (ga)
When a transitive verb is put into the potential form, the direct object particle usually changes from **を** (*o*) to **が** (*ga*). When a transitive verb is put into the potential form, the direct object particle usually changes from **を** (*o*) to **が** (*ga*).
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ When a transitive verb is put into the potential form, the direct object particl
##### 3. Alternative Expression of Potential ##### 3. Alternative Expression of Potential
You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by using the phrase **～ことができる** (koto ga dekiru), which means "the thing/action of [verb] can be done." You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by using the phrase **～ことができる** (koto ga dekiru), which means "the thing/action of {verb} can be done."
* **Formula:** Plain Form of Verb + **ことができる** * **Formula:** Plain Form of Verb + **ことができる**
@@ -115,7 +116,6 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u
| :------------------- | :----------------------- | :-------------------- | | :------------------- | :----------------------- | :-------------------- |
| **Potential Verb** | 日本語**が** **話せます**。 | I can speak Japanese. | | **Potential Verb** | 日本語**が** **話せます**。 | I can speak Japanese. |
| **Alternative Form** | 日本語を **話す** **ことができます**。 | I can speak Japanese. | | **Alternative Form** | 日本語を **話す** **ことができます**。 | I can speak Japanese. |
### Adjective Conjugations ### Adjective Conjugations
#### い-Adjectives #### い-Adjectives