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@@ -319,6 +319,26 @@ This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between ver
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- *Example (past tense)*: *彼女はBさんに赤ちゃんが生まれたのを知っています。* (She knows that B-san had a baby.)
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- *Example: 彼は食べるのがゆっくりです* (His eating is slow)
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## 謙譲語 (Kenjougo) - Humble Speech - *Added: 2026-03-11*
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This is the second pattern of Keigo. These words lower yourself, whereas Sonkeigo raises the other person up. The subject of the sentences is usually ourselves or our family—something that involves us, since we're lowering it.
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Used for superiors at work, clients, strangers, and formal situations.
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### Group 1 & 2 Verbs
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**Formula:** お + Verb Stem + します
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- **お手伝いします** (otetsudai shimasu) - To help
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- **お送りします** (ookuri shimasu) - To send / To drop off
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- **お伝えします** (otsutae shimasu) - To tell / To convey
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- *Example:* 私は先生を駅にお送りします (I will drop off the teacher at the station.)
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- *Example:* 私は課長にお手伝いしましょう (I'll help the manager.)
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- *Example:* 私は社長にスケジュールをお伝えします (I will tell the president the schedule.)
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### Group 3 (Sino-Japanese) Verbs
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**Formula:** ご + Noun + します
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- **ご案内します** (goannai shimasu) - To guide
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- **ご説明します** (gosetsumei shimasu) - To explain
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- **お電話します** (odenwa shimasu) - To call (*Note: uses お*)
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- **お約束します** (oyakusoku shimasu) - To promise (*Note: uses お*)
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## Passive Verb Tense - *Added: 2026-01-28*
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This turns something like "To Scold" to "To be Scolded by"
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### Group 1 Verbs (godan)
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@@ -486,7 +506,8 @@ Compare this with an い-adjective like `太い` (futoi), which means "thick" or
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- **Places:** おうこくかいかん (Kingdom Hall), くうこう (airport), こうえん (park), しやくしょ (city hall), としょかん (library), びじゅつかん (art museum), ゆうびんきょく (post office), 芸術の学校 (げいじゅつのがっこう) - Art School
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- **Time & Frequency:** あさって (day after tomorrow), いちにちじゅう (all day), おととい (two days ago), こんど (next time), しょうがつ / しんねん (New Years), まいしゅう (every week), 将来 (しょうらい) - near future
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- **Food & Drink:** ごはん (rice/meal), しお (salt), すきやき (sukiyaki), やきにく (BBQ), やしょく (late night snack), 洋食 (ようしょく) - Western food, ラーメン屋 (らーめんや) - Ramen shop
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- **Objects & Concepts:** いさん (heritage), えんぴつ (pencil), かばん (bag), くるま (car), けいたい (cell phone), しごと (work), しつもん (question), せいしょ (Bible), でんしゃ (train), りょこう (trip/travel), 洋食 (ようしょく) - Western food, 合格発表 (ごうかく はっぴょう) - pass exam announcement, 給料 (きゅうりょう) - salary, 実現 (じつげん) - achievement/realization, 公開講演 (こうかいこうえん) - public talk, 緊張 (きんちょう) - nervousness, 区域 (くいき) - Congregation Territory / Area, 忍耐 (にんたい) - Patience (from God), 基地 (きち) - Military Base, 遅刻 (ちこく) - Delay, 宿題 (しゅくだい) - Homework, 教科書 (きょうかしょ) - Text Book, 日の出 (ひので) - Sunlight, 離島 (りとう) - Small islands off a big island, 天気予報 (てんきよほう) - Weather report, 嵐 (あらし) - Storm, 巡回大会 (じゅんかいたいかい) - Circuit Assembly, 支部代表 (しぶだいひょう) - Branch Representative, 地区大会 (ちくたいかい) - District Convention, 行列 (ぎょうれつ) - Line/Queue, 芸術 (げいじゅつ) - Art
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- **Objects & Concepts:** いさん (heritage), えんぴつ (pencil), かばん (bag), くるま (car), けいたい (cell phone), しごと (work), しつもん (question), せいしょ (Bible), でんしゃ (train), りょこう (trip/travel), 洋食 (ようしょく) - Western food, 合格発表 (ごうかく はっぴょう) - pass exam announcement, 給料 (きゅうりょう) - salary, 実現 (じつげん) - achievement/realization, 公開講演 (こうかいこうえん) - public talk, 緊張 (きんちょう) - nervousness, 区域 (くいき) - Congregation Territory / Area, 忍耐 (にんたい) - Patience (from God), 基地 (きち) - Military Base, 遅刻 (ちこく) - Delay, 宿題 (しゅくだい) - Homework, 教科書 (きょうかしょ) - Text Book, 日の出 (ひので) - Sunlight, 離島 (りとう) - Small islands off a big island, 天気予報 (てんきよほう) - Weather report, 嵐 (あらし) - Storm, 巡回大会 (じゅんかいたいかい) - Circuit Assembly, 支部代表 (しぶだいひょう) - Branch Representative, 地区大会 (ちくたいかい) - District Convention, 行列 (ぎょうれつ) - Line/Queue, 芸術 (げいじゅつ) - Art, ゆっくり話 (ゆっくりはなし) - Deep/Productive talk
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- **Family Titles:** つま (Wife - normal), おと (Husband - normal), 主人 (しゅじん - Husband, polite/wife speaking), 奥様 (おくさま - Wife, very polite/for others), ご主人様 (ごしゅじんさま - Husband, very polite/for others)
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- **Natural Phenomena:** - 2025-11-25: 断水 (だんすい) - Water Main/Cut, 地震 (じしん) - Earthquake, 洗濯 (せんたく) - Laundry
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- **Other:** 軍隊 (ぐんたい) - Military, おく - Billion, 自動チェックイン (じどうチェックイン) - Self Check-in
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@@ -584,11 +605,13 @@ Compare this with an い-adjective like `太い` (futoi), which means "thick" or
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- **戻る (もどる)** - To go back
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- **描く (かく) - *Added: 2026-03-04*** - To Draw
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- **行列します (ぎょうれつします) - *Added: 2026-03-04*** - To line up
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- **がる - *Added: 2026-03-11*** - To feel (suffix/verb)
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### Adjectives
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- **い-Adjectives:** あたらしい (new), あつい (hot), いそがしい (busy), おいしい (delicious), おおきい (big), さむい (cold), ちいさい (small), むずかしい (difficult), やさしい (easy/kind), やすい (cheap), 悲しい (かなしい) - Sad (serious), 我慢強い (がまんづよい) - Patient, 使いやすい (つかいやすい) - To be useful, 上手い (うまい) - 2025-12-23: Smoothly, skillful, 懐かしい (なつかしい) - 2025-12-23: Nostalgic
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- **な-Adjectives:** かんたん (easy), きれい (pretty/clean), げんき (healthy), しずか (quiet), じょうず (skilled), すき (likeable), べんり (convenient), ゆうめい (famous), 残念 (ざんねん) - Disappointed/Too bad, ペラペラな (ぺらぺらな) - *Added: 2026-03-04* - Fluent
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- **い-Adjectives (New):** ややこしい - *Added: 2026-03-11* - Confusing
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- **Like/Dislike Scale:** 大好き (love) > 好き (like) > 嫌い (dislike) > 大嫌い (hate)
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### Adverbs & Expressions
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@@ -602,6 +625,8 @@ Compare this with an い-adjective like `太い` (futoi), which means "thick" or
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- **ゆっくり** - Slowly
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- **喜んで (よろこんで)** - With joy/pleasure
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- **頭がぼうっとします** - My head feels foggy
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- **遠慮しておきます (えんりょしておきます)** - *Added: 2026-03-11* - Decline an invitation ("I'll be reserved")
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- **遠慮しないでください (えんりょしないでください)** - *Added: 2026-03-11* - Don't worry about it ("Don't be reserved")
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## Phrases & Greetings
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