"vault backup: 2025-12-23 14:58:52 from Flow"
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@@ -306,6 +306,38 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u
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- *仕事の前に、休憩します* - Before work, take a break.
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- *寝る前に、宿題をします* - Before sleep, I do homework.
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- **Cause and Effect with (と)** - 2025-12-23: Used to show a direct cause and effect relationship, similar to "if" or "when" in English, but with a strong sense of certainty that the result will follow the cause.
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- **Formation**:
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- **Verb (dictionary form) + と**
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- **Key Usage**: The result in the second clause is a natural or inevitable consequence of the action in the first clause.
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- **Examples**:
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- *うまくいくと, いいですね* - If things go smoothly, it'll be good.
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- *ご飯を食べると、ねむくなります。* - If I eat lunch, I'll then become sleepy.
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- **Connecting Verbs with (てから)** - 2025-12-23: This pattern is used to show that one action takes place after another action is completed. It clarifies the sequence of events.
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- **Formation**:
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- **Verb (て-form) + から**
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- **Key Usage**: Emphasizes the completion of the first action before the second one begins.
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- **Examples**:
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- *シャワーを浴びてから、ご飯を食べます* - After I take a shower, I will eat.
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- *宿題が終わってから、寝ます。* - After I finish my homework, I will sleep.
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- **Transitive (他動詞) and Intransitive (自動詞) Verbs** - 2025-12-23: This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between verbs that require a direct object and those that do not.
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- **Transitive Verbs (他動詞 - tadoushi)**:
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- An action done *by* a subject *to* an object.
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- The object is marked with the particle **を (o)**.
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- *Example: 私が電気**を**つけます。* (I turn on the light.)
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- **Intransitive Verbs (自動詞 - jidoushi)**:
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- An action that happens *on its own*. There is no direct object.
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- The subject is marked with the particle **が (ga)**.
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- *Example: 電気**が**つきます。* (The light is on.)
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- **Common Pairs**: Many verbs come in pairs. Learning them together is an effective way to master their usage.
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- 開ける (akeru - to open) / 開く (aku - to be open)
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- 閉める (shimeru - to close) / 閉まる (shimaru - to be closed)
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- 入れる (ireru - to put in) / 入る (hairu - to enter)
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- 出す (dasu - to take out) / 出る (deru - to go out)
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- 消す (kesu - to turn off) / 消える (kieru - to disappear)
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## Vocabulary
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### Nouns
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@@ -359,6 +391,7 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u
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- **官憲します (かんけんします)** - To do an expedition
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- **切る (きる)** - to turn off/cut off
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- **消す (けす)** - to turn off/make disappear
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- **出す (だす)** - 2025-12-23: To put out, to submit (Transitive)
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### Adjectives
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@@ -389,48 +422,3 @@ You can express potential without conjugating the verb into its unique form by u
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- **いただきます** - Said before eating
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- **おなかがすきます** - I'm hungry
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- **のどがかわきました** - I'm thirsty
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<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
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---
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## 2025-12-23 Entry
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### Grammar
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- **Cause and Effect with (と)**: Used to show a direct cause and effect relationship, similar to "if" or "when" in English, but with a strong sense of certainty that the result will follow the cause.
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- **Formation**:
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- **Verb (dictionary form) + と**
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- **Key Usage**: The result in the second clause is a natural or inevitable consequence of the action in the first clause.
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- **Examples**:
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- *うまくいくと, いいですね* - If things go smoothly, it'll be good.
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- *ご飯を食べると、ねむくなります。* - If I eat lunch, I'll then become sleepy.
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- **Connecting Verbs with (てから)**: This pattern is used to show that one action takes place after another action is completed. It clarifies the sequence of events.
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- **Formation**:
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- **Verb (て-form) + から**
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- **Key Usage**: Emphasizes the completion of the first action before the second one begins.
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- **Examples**:
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- *シャワーを浴びてから、ご飯を食べます* - After I take a shower, I will eat.
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- *宿題が終わってから、寝ます。* - After I finish my homework, I will sleep.
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- **Transitive (他動詞) and Intransitive (自動詞) Verbs**: This is a fundamental concept in Japanese grammar that distinguishes between verbs that require a direct object and those that do not.
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- **Transitive Verbs (他動詞 - tadoushi)**:
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- An action done *by* a subject *to* an object.
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- The object is marked with the particle **を (o)**.
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- *Example: 私が電気**を**つけます。* (I turn on the light.)
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- **Intransitive Verbs (自動詞 - jidoushi)**:
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- An action that happens *on its own*. There is no direct object.
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- The subject is marked with the particle **が (ga)**.
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- *Example: 電気**が**つきます。* (The light is on.)
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- **Common Pairs**: Many verbs come in pairs. Learning them together is an effective way to master their usage.
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- 開ける (akeru - to open) / 開く (aku - to be open)
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- 閉める (shimeru - to close) / 閉まる (shimaru - to be closed)
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- 入れる (ireru - to put in) / 入る (hairu - to enter)
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- 出す (dasu - to take out) / 出る (deru - to go out)
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- 消す (kesu - to turn off) / 消える (kieru - to disappear)
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### Vocabulary
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- **Verbs**:
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- **出す (だす)**: To put out, to submit (Transitive)
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- **Adjectives**:
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- **上手い (うまい)**: Smoothly, skillful (い-Adjective)
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- **懐かしい (なつかしい)**: Nostalgic (い-Adjective)
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