Inanis_Vault/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Chinese-Class-Notes.md

---
type: Knowledge
title: Synthesized Chinese Class Notes
date: '2025-10-23'
---

# Synthesized Chinese Class Notes

This note is a synthesized compilation of all Chinese class notes from the `10-Input` folder. The content has been organized by topic for clarity and ease of reference.

## Grammar

### Sentence Patterns

- **Expressing "Structure is complex"**: `SUBJECT + 的构造非常复杂 (de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá)`
- **Estimating a Quantity**: `估计 (Gūjì) + SUBJECT + 有 (yǒu) + NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT`
- **Reacting to News**: `听到 (Tīng dào) + {THING HEARD}, SUBJECT + 会/很 (huì/hěn) + {FEELING}, 甚至觉得 (shènzhì juédé) + {EVEN STRONGER FEELING/REACTION}`
- **Remembering / Forgetting**: `SUBJECT + 记得/不记得 (jìdé/bù jìdé) + OBJECT`
- **Learning from Someone's Example**: `我们陷入 (Wǒmen xiànrù) + {SITUATION} + 时 (shí), 可以怎样向 (kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng) + {PERSON} + 学习 (xuéxí)?`
- **Considering the Cost**: `在 (zài) + {ACTION} + 之前 (zhīqián), 先想想你需要为此付出什么, 包括投入多少时间, 精力, 和财务 (xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme, bāokuò tóurù duōshǎo shíjiān, jīnglì, hé cáiwù)`
- **Expressing Feelings**: `我感觉 (Wǒ gǎnjué) + 很 (hěn) + EMOTION`
- **"Not Only..., But Also..." (Negative Emphasis)**: `SUBJECT + 不但 (bùdàn) + {BAD THING}, 反而 (fǎn'ér) + {EVEN WORSE THING}`
- **Leaving a Matter to Someone**: `我会把 (Wǒ huì bǎ) + {THE MATTER} + 交给 (jiāo gěi) + {ENTITY} + 处理 (chǔlǐ)`
- **Expressing Fear of Loss**: `我特别害怕失去 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù) + {OBJECT/CONCEPT}`
- **"First..., Then..."**: `我想先 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān) + ACTION 1 + 再 (zài) + ACTION 2`
- **Waiting for Something Impatiently**: `SUBJECT + 终于 (zhōngyú) + VERB + 了 (le), 我都快等死了 (Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle)`
- **Not Ashamed, But Proud**: `SUBJECT + 不以 (bù yǐ) + {THING} + 为耻 (wéi chǐ), 反而以 (fǎn'ér yǐ) + {THING} + 为荣 (wéi róng)`
- **"I Just Couldn't..." (Expressing Frustration)**: `怎么就是 (zěnme jiùshì) + {UNPLEASANT RESULT}`
- **"Tell me when..."**: `等你 (Děng nǐ) + ACTION 1 + 了告诉我 (le gàosù wǒ), 我想 (wǒ xiǎng) + ACTION 2`
- **Using `de` for more detail**: Place `de` after a verb to add more detail to the action. `Ni chi de shenme?` (You ate what?)
- **`Yào zǒule` - Something is going to happen**: `Subj + Yào + Verb + Optional Object + le`
- **`bù míngbái` - I don't understand how to...**: `{{Thing you don't understand}} wǒ zhēn de {{Optional Verb}} bù míngbái.`
- **"ADJ1 and also ADJ2"**: `Subj + 又 + ADJ1 + 又 + ADJ2`
    - *Example*: 我又高又帅 (Wǒ yòu gāo yòu shuài) - I am tall and handsome.
    - *Example*: 这里的菜又便宜又好吃 (Zhèlǐ de cài yòu piányí yòu hào chī) - The food here is cheap and delicious.
- **"Besides..."**: `除了...., Subj 还.... (Chúle...., Subj hái....)`
    - *Example*: 除了饭，你们还会买什么？ (Chúle fàn, nǐmen hái huì mǎi shénme?) - Besides food, what else will you buy?
- **`吧/ba` particle**: Stick at the end of the sentence to make a suggestion. If not there, it sounds like your telling somewhat what to do. Similar to "How about..."
- **"Not only.... But also...."**: `不但。。。而且。。。 (bùdàn...érqiě...)`
	- *Example*: 今天不但下雨而且非常冷 (Jīntiān bùdàn xià yǔ érqiě fēicháng lěng) - It's not only raining today, but also very cold.
- **Time Remaining**: `SUBJ + jùlí + ACTION + hái shèng + TIME LEFT` - 2025-12-15
- **Asking for Progress**: `SUBJ + yǒu shé me jìnzhǎn ma?` - 2025-12-15

### Verb Complements

- **下来 (xiàlái)**: Indicates an action completed from beginning to end.
- **起来 (qǐlái)**:
    1.  Directional (low to high): `站起来` (Stand up).
    2.  Subjective Feeling (with senses): `海鲜看起来很好吃` (The seafood looks delicious).
- **出来 (chūlái)**: Indicates movement from inside to outside.
- **伤 (shāng)**: A result complement indicating an action caused injury.

### Common Patterns & Word Usage

- **Using 了 (le)** - *Added: 2025-12-08*: The particle `了` marks the completion of an action, and is not strictly a past-tense marker. If you are describing something you *wanted* to do (but haven't done), you do not need `了`.

- **又 (yòu) vs. 再 (zài)** - *Added: 2025-12-08*:
    - **又 (yòu)**: Used for an action that happened again in the **past**.
    - **再 (zài)**: Used for an action that will happen again in the **present or future**.

## Vocabulary

### Nouns

- **棋牌 (Qípái)**: Chess and Card Games - 2025-11-24
- **眼镜 (yǎnjìng)**: Glasses - 2025-11-24
- **抑郁证 (Yìyù zhèng)**: Depression (the illness) - 2025-12-08
- **王国传福音这训练班 (Wángguó chuán fúyīn zhè xùnliàn bān)**: Kingdom Preacher Training Class (SKE) - 2025-12-08
- **猪蹄 (Zhū tí)**: Pigs feet - 2025-12-15, 2026-01-01
- **牛肉 (Niúròu)**: Beef - 2025-12-15
- **签证 (Qiānzhèng)**: Visa - 2025-12-15
- **曲奇饼 (Qū qí bǐng)**: Cookie - 2025-12-26
- **褪黑素 (Tuì hēi sù)**: Melatonin - 2025-12-26
- **地面 (Dìmiàn)**: Floor - 2025-12-26
- **酱牛肉 (Jiàng niúròu)**: Braised beef (in soy sauce) - 2026-01-01
- **蚕蛹 (Cányǒng)**: Silkworm chrysalis - 2026-01-01
- **项目 (xiàngmù)**: Project
- **自由 (zìyóu)**: Freedom
- **矛盾 (máodùn)**: Contradiction
- **憎恨 (zēnghèn)**: Hatred
- **韭菜 (Jiǔcài)**: Chinese Chives/Leeks
- **眼睛 (yǎn jīng)**: eye
- **亚马逊 (Yàmǎxùn)**: Amazon
- **冲绳 (Chōngshéng)**: Okinawa
- **农村 (nóng cūn)**: countryside
- **助教 (Zhùjiào)**: Teaching assistant
- **中医 (Zhōngyī)**: Traditional Chinese Medicine
- **个人医疗指示 (Gèrén yīliáo zhǐshì)**: Personal medical directive
- **全血 (quánxuè)**: Whole blood
- **红细胞 (hóngxìbāo)**: Red blood cells
- **白细胞 (báixìbāo)**: White blood cells
- **血小板 (xuèxiǎobǎn)**: Platelets
- **血浆 (xuèjiāng)**: Plasma
- **治疗 (zhìliáo)**: Treatment
- **安眠药 (Ānmiányào)**: Sleeping pills
- **生存刀 (Shēngcún dāo)**: Survival Knife
- **指甲刀 (Zhǐjiǎ dāo)**: Nail Clippers
- **账号 (zhànghào)**: Account (e.g., online)
- **评测 (píngcè)**: Review (of a product)
- **电量 (diànliàng)**: Battery life
- **游戏配件 (Yóuxì pèijiàn)**: Gaming accessories
- **握把 (wòbǎ)**: A grip
- **保护膜 (bǎohù mó)**: Protective film / Screen protector
- **保护套 (bǎohù tào)**: Protective case
- **充电宝 (chōngdiàn bǎo)**: Battery pack / Power bank
- **数据线 (shùjù xiàn)**: Data cable
- **掌机 (zhǎng jī)**: Handheld console
- **3D打印 (3D dǎyìn)**: 3D Printing
- **天气 (Tiānqì)**: Weather
- **天气预报 (Tiānqì yùbào)**: Weather Forecast
- **会众 (Huìzhòng)**: Congregation - 2025-12-04
- **本地建筑设计委员会 (Běndì jiànzhú shèjì wěiyuánhuì)**: LDC - 2025-12-04
- **电工 (Diàngōng)**: electrician - 2025-12-04
- **保龄球 (Bǎolíngqiú)**: bowling - 2025-12-04
- **电视剧 (Diànshìjù)**: TV drama - 2025-12-04
- **拉锁 (lāsuǒ)**: zipper - 2025-12-04

### People & Relationships

- **穿花衬衫的弟兄 (Chuān huā chènshān de dìxiōng)**: Brother in Floral Shirt - 2025-11-24
- **穿粉色衬衫的姐妹 (Chuān fěnsè chènshān de jiěmèi)**: The sister in the pink shirt - 2025-11-24
- **戴眼镜的弟兄 (Dài yǎnjìng de dìxiōng)**: The brother wearing glasses - 2025-11-24
- **你是真男人 (Nǐ shì zhēn nánrén)**: You are a real man!
- **前妻 (qiánqī)**: Ex-wife
- **前夫 (qiánfū)**: Ex-husband
- **前任 (qiánrèn)**: Ex (gender-neutral)
- **老婆 (lǎopó)**: Wife (endearing term)
- **客户 (kèhù)**: Client
- **发型师 (fǎxíng shī)**: Hairdresser
- **传统的日本人 (Chuántǒng de rìběn rén)**: Traditional Japanese Person
- **单身 (dān shēn)**: Single
- **榜样 (bǎngyàng)**: Role model
- **小白 (xiǎobái)**: "Little White" -> Beginner
- **先驱 (xiānqū)**: Pioneer - 2025-12-04
- **女性朋友 (Nǚxìng péngyǒu)**: female friends - 2025-12-04

### Verbs

- **想好 (xiǎnghǎo)**: To figure out - 2025-12-04
- **牧养 (mù yǎng)**: to shepherd (can be noun or verb) - 2025-12-08
- **推荐 (Tuījiàn)**: recommend - 2025-12-08
- **讨厌 (Tǎoyàn)**: Hate - 2025-12-15
- **留胡子 (liú húzǐ)**: To grow a beard
- **被封了 (bèi fēngle)**: To get banned
- **记得 (jìdé)**: To remember
- **陷入 (xiànrù)**: To fall into / be caught by
- **付出 (fùchū)**: To pay; to expend (cost)
- **骑车 (qí chē)**: To ride a bike
- **开车 (kāichē)**: To drive a car
- **谈 (tán)**: To talk
- **休息 (xiūxí)**: To rest / take a break
- **遇到 (yù)**: To encounter
- **体验 (tǐyàn)**: To experience
- **处理 (chǔlǐ)**: To deal with / handle
- **偷偷 (tōutōu)**: Secretly
- **请客 (qǐngkè)**: To treat someone (to a meal)
- **包括 (bāokuò)**: To include
- **注意 (zhùyì)**: To pay attention to
- **失去 (shīqù)**: To lose
- **传染 (chuánrǎn)**: to infect
- **理发 (lǐfà)**: To get a haircut
- **聊天 (liáotiān)**: To chat
- **收到 (shōu dào)**: To receive
- **放弃 (fàngqì)**: To give up
- **发热 (fārè)**: To generate heat
- **下雨 (Xià yǔ)**: To Rain
- **下雪 (Xià xuě)**: To snow
- **取笑 (Qǔxiào)**: To make fun of - 2025-12-04
- **沟通 (gōutōng)**: to confess/communicate - 2025-12-04
- **表白 (biǎobái)**: to confess (feelings) - 2025-12-04
- **跳舞 (tiàowǔ)**: To dance - 2025-12-04
- **坐 (zuò)**: To ride in (a car) - 2025-12-04

### Adjectives

- **抑郁 (Yìyù)**: Depressed - 2025-12-08
- **低落 (Dīluò)**: Low (mood) - 2025-12-08
- **严格 (yángé)**: Strict
- **麻烦 (máfan)**: Troublesome
- **担心 (dānxīn)**: Worried
- **悲伤 (bēishāng)**: Sadness
- **惊讶 (jīngyà)**: Surprised
- **愤怒 (fènnù)**: Rage
- **激动 (jīdòng)**: Excited (intensely)
- **放松 (fàngsōng)**: Relaxed
- **耐心 (nàixīn)**: Patient
- **幽默 (yōumò)**: Funny; humorous
- **安全 (ānquán)**: Safe
- **随机 (suíjī)**: Random
- **尴尬 (gāngà)**: Awkward; embarrassing
- **假的 (Jiǎde)**: Fake
- **无数 (wúshù)**: Limitless
- **严重 (yánzhòng)**: Serious
- **晴天 (Qíngtiān)**: Sunny Day
- **多云 (Duōyún)**: Cloudy
- **冷 (Lěng)**: Cold
- **热 (Rè)**: Hot
- **舒服 (Shūfu)**: Comfortable
- **奇怪 (qíguài)**: Strange - 2025-12-04

### Adverbs & Expressions

- **以后 (yǐhòu)**: Future, later, soon - 2025-12-08
- **更 (Gèng)**: More - 2025-12-15
- **随便 (Suíbiàn)**: Whatever; anything is fine
- **从现在起 (cóng xiànzài qǐ)**: From now on
- **没想到 (Méi xiǎngdào)**: Didn't expect (in a good way)
- **终于 (zhōngyú)**: Finally, at last
- **反而 (fǎn'ér)**: On the contrary, instead
- **其实 (qíshì)**: Actually
- **当然 (dāngrán)**: Of course
- **总是 (zǒng shì)**: Always
- **有时 (yǒu shí)**: Sometimes

## Idioms & Slang (Chengyu & Lingo)

- **当局者迷，旁观者清 (Dāngjúzhěmí, pángguānzhěqīng)**: Those involved are often confused, but bystanders see clearly. - 2025-12-04
- **有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (Yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū)**: "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from afar."
- **人山人海 (Rénshānrénhǎi)**: "People mountain, people sea." An idiom describing huge crowds.
- **心静自然凉 (Xīnjìng zìrán liáng)**: "A calm heart keeps you naturally cool."
- **亦敌亦友 (Yì dí yì yǒu)**: Frenemies.
- **厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)**: "Thick-skinned." Not easily affected by criticism.
- **冲手法 (Chōng shǒufǎ)**: Rushing to be the first to buy a new product.
- **废了 (fèile)**: Slang for feeling exhausted.
- **虎 (hǔ)**: Slang for fierce or reckless.
- **电子阳痿 (Diànzǐ yángwěi)**: "Electronic impotence." Buying many games but lacking the motivation to play them.
- **猫屎咖啡 (Māo shǐ kāfēi)**: "Cat poop coffee" (Kopi luwak).
- **"Wife and Mother in Water" Dilemma**: A classic tricky question: "If your mother and I fell into the water, who would you save first?"
- **被割韭菜 (bèi gē jiǔcài)**: "To be cut like leeks." An idiom for being repeatedly exploited financially.
- **女人心,海底针 (Nǚrén xīn, hǎidǐ zhēn)**: "A woman's heart is like a needle at the bottom of the sea." (hard to predict) - 2025-12-26

## Conversations

### Dinner Preparation

- **Wife**: 亲爱的，今天晚上想吃什么？ (Honey, what do you want to eat tonight?)
- **Husband**: 随便，你做什么我都喜欢。(Whatever, I like anything you make.)
- **Wife**: 那我做你最喜欢的红烧肉好不好？(Then how about I make your favorite braised pork?)
- **Husband**: 太好了！谢谢老婆。(Great! Thank you, love.)

### Coincidental Meeting at a Coffee Shop

- **S**: 哎？JS! 你也在这里啊，好巧！ (Huh? JS! You're here too? What a coincidence!)
- **JS**: 哎？Spencer? 真的是你！最近怎么样啊？好久不见了？ (Huh? Spencer? It's really you! How have you been? Long time no see!)
- **S**: 是啊，世界真小！要不要一起坐一会儿，聊聊天儿? (Yes, it’s a small world! Do you want to sit for a while and chat?)

### Discussing the Weather

- **A**: 你好, 今天很热, 你也是来乘凉吗? (Hello, it's very hot today. Are you also here to cool off?)
- **B**: 对啊，又热又吵。(Yes, it's hot and humid.)
- **A**: 你有什么降暑的好方法吗？ (Do you have any good ways to beat the heat?)
- **B**: 留在家里吹空调。(Stay at home and blast the air conditioning.)

### Personal Conversation - 2025-12-04
*(A collection of sentences from a personal conversation)*
- 你想好怎么说了吗? (Nǐ xiǎng hǎo zěnme shuōle ma?): Have you figured out what you're going to say?
- 她一直去传道，也有很多属灵的特质。(Tā yīzhí qù chuándào, yěyǒu hěnduō shǔ líng de tèzhì.): She always in service, and has many spiritual qualities.
- 你打算什么时候跟那个姐妹表白呢？(Nǐ dǎsuàn shénme shíhòu gēn nàgè jiěmèi biǎobái ne?): When do you plan to confess to that sister?
- 最近每天晚上都给你发信息。(Zuìjìn měitiān wǎnshàng dōu gěi nǐ fā xìnxī.): She sends you messages every night recently.

### Conversation about Economy - *Updated: 2026-01-01*

A: 师傅，最近生意怎么样呢？
A: Shīfu, zuìjìn shēngyi zěnme yàng ne?
A: Sir, how's business lately?

B: 最近不太好。
B: Zuìjìn bù tài hǎo。
B: Not really good lately.

A: 疫情之后，各行各业都不太好。
A: Yìqíng zhīhòu, gè háng gè yè dōu bù tài hǎo.
A: Since the pandemic, things have been rough for all industries.

B: 对啊，什么都涨，就是工资不涨。
B: Duì a, shénme dōu zhǎng, jiùshì gōngzī bù zhǎng.
B: Yeah, everything is going up in price, except wages.

A: 师傅，你觉得以后经济会怎么样？
A: Shīfu, nǐ juédé yǐhòu jīngjì huì zěnme yàng?
A: Sir, what do you think the economy will be like in the future?

B: 以后可能会越来越不好。
B: Yǐhòu kěnéng huì yuè lai yuè bù hǎo.
B: The future will keep getting worse.

A: 我也同意。你觉得我们可以怎样应付经济难题呢
A: Wǒ yě tóngyì. Nǐ juédé wǒmen kěyǐ zěnyàng yìngfù jīngjì nántí ne？
A: I agree too. How do you think we can cope with the economic difficulties?

B: 那就省着点儿花呗
B: Nà jiù shěngzhe diǎn'er huā bei
B: Then just spend a little less
	- 呗/bei - you can stick at the end of an obvious sentence to soften the tone.
	- 着/zhe - denotes that the action should be done over a period of time.

A: 没错，这是个好办法，除此之外，我觉得心态也很重要，您觉得呢？
A: Méi cuò, zhè shìgè hǎo bànfǎ, chú cǐ zhī wài, wǒ juédé xīntài yě hěn zhòngyào, nín juédé ne?
A: That's right, this is a good way. Besides that, I feel one's attitude is very important, what do you think?

B: 对，没错
B: Duì, méi cuò
B: Yes, that's right.

A: 前几天我看到一句话说：“所以，总不要为明天忧虑，明天有明天的忧虑。每一天的难题已经够多了"。您觉得有道理吗？
A: Qián jǐ tiān wǒ kàn dào yījù huàshuō:“Suǒyǐ, zǒng bùyào wéi míngtiān yōulǜ, míngtiān yǒu míngtiān de yōulǜ. Měi yītiān de nántí yǐjīng gòu duōle". Nín juédé yǒu dàolǐ ma?
A: A few days ago I saw a quote that said, "Therefore, do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own." Do you think that makes sense?

B: 非常有道理
B: Fēicháng yǒu dàolǐ
B: It makes a lot of sense.