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Knowledge Synthesized Chinese Class Notes 2025-10-23

Synthesized Chinese Class Notes

This note is a synthesized compilation of all Chinese class notes from the 10-Input folder. The content has been organized by topic for clarity and ease of reference.

Grammar

Sentence Patterns

  • Expressing "Structure is complex": SUBJECT + 的构造非常复杂 (de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá)
  • Estimating a Quantity: 估计 (Gūjì) + SUBJECT + 有 (yǒu) + NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT
  • Reacting to News: 听到 (Tīng dào) + {THING HEARD}, SUBJECT + 会/很 (huì/hěn) + {FEELING}, 甚至觉得 (shènzhì juédé) + {EVEN STRONGER FEELING/REACTION}
  • Remembering / Forgetting: SUBJECT + 记得/不记得 (jìdé/bù jìdé) + OBJECT
  • Learning from Someone's Example: 我们陷入 (Wǒmen xiànrù) + {SITUATION} + 时 (shí), 可以怎样向 (kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng) + {PERSON} + 学习 (xuéxí)?
  • Considering the Cost: 在 (zài) + {ACTION} + 之前 (zhīqián), 先想想你需要为此付出什么, 包括投入多少时间, 精力, 和财务 (xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme, bāokuò tóurù duōshǎo shíjiān, jīnglì, hé cáiwù)
  • Expressing Feelings: 我感觉 (Wǒ gǎnjué) + 很 (hěn) + EMOTION
  • "Not Only..., But Also..." (Negative Emphasis): SUBJECT + 不但 (bùdàn) + {BAD THING}, 反而 (fǎn'ér) + {EVEN WORSE THING}
  • Leaving a Matter to Someone: 我会把 (Wǒ huì bǎ) + {THE MATTER} + 交给 (jiāo gěi) + {ENTITY} + 处理 (chǔlǐ)
  • Expressing Fear of Loss: 我特别害怕失去 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù) + {OBJECT/CONCEPT}
  • "First..., Then...": 我想先 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān) + ACTION 1 + 再 (zài) + ACTION 2
  • Waiting for Something Impatiently: SUBJECT + 终于 (zhōngyú) + VERB + 了 (le), 我都快等死了 (Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle)
  • Not Ashamed, But Proud: SUBJECT + 不以 (bù yǐ) + {THING} + 为耻 (wéi chǐ), 反而以 (fǎn'ér yǐ) + {THING} + 为荣 (wéi róng)
  • "I Just Couldn't..." (Expressing Frustration): 怎么就是 (zěnme jiùshì) + {UNPLEASANT RESULT}
  • "Tell me when...": 等你 (Děng nǐ) + ACTION 1 + 了告诉我 (le gàosù wǒ), 我想 (wǒ xiǎng) + ACTION 2
  • Using de for more detail: Place de after a verb to add more detail to the action. Ni chi de shenme? (You ate what?)
  • Yào zǒule - Something is going to happen: Subj + Yào + Verb + Optional Object + le
  • bù míngbái - I don't understand how to...: {{Thing you don't understand}} wǒ zhēn de {{Optional Verb}} bù míngbái.
  • "ADJ1 and also ADJ2": Subj + 又 + ADJ1 + 又 + ADJ2
    • Example: 我又高又帅 (Wǒ yòu gāo yòu shuài) - I am tall and handsome.
    • Example: 这里的菜又便宜又好吃 (Zhèlǐ de cài yòu piányí yòu hào chī) - The food here is cheap and delicious.
  • "Besides...": 除了...., Subj 还.... (Chúle...., Subj hái....)
    • Example: 除了饭，你们还会买什么？ (Chúle fàn, nǐmen hái huì mǎi shénme?) - Besides food, what else will you buy?
  • 吧/ba particle: Stick at the end of the sentence to make a suggestion. If not there, it sounds like your telling somewhat what to do. Similar to "How about..."
  • "Not only.... But also....": 不但。。。而且。。。 (bùdàn...érqiě...)
    • Example: 今天不但下雨而且非常冷 (Jīntiān bùdàn xià yǔ érqiě fēicháng lěng) - It's not only raining today, but also very cold.
  • Time Remaining: SUBJ + jùlí + ACTION + hái shèng + TIME LEFT - 2025-12-15
  • Asking for Progress: SUBJ + yǒu shé me jìnzhǎn ma? - 2025-12-15

Verb Complements

  • 下来 (xiàlái): Indicates an action completed from beginning to end.
  • 起来 (qǐlái):
    1. Directional (low to high): 站起来 (Stand up).
    2. Subjective Feeling (with senses): 海鲜看起来很好吃 (The seafood looks delicious).
  • 出来 (chūlái): Indicates movement from inside to outside.
  • 伤 (shāng): A result complement indicating an action caused injury.

Common Patterns & Word Usage

  • Using 了 (le) - Added: 2025-12-08: The particle 了 marks the completion of an action, and is not strictly a past-tense marker. If you are describing something you wanted to do (but haven't done), you do not need 了.

  • 又 (yòu) vs. 再 (zài) - Added: 2025-12-08:

    • 又 (yòu): Used for an action that happened again in the past.
    • 再 (zài): Used for an action that will happen again in the present or future.

Vocabulary

Nouns

  • 棋牌 (Qípái): Chess and Card Games - 2025-11-24
  • 眼镜 (yǎnjìng): Glasses - 2025-11-24
  • 抑郁证 (Yìyù zhèng): Depression (the illness) - 2025-12-08
  • 王国传福音这训练班 (Wángguó chuán fúyīn zhè xùnliàn bān): Kingdom Preacher Training Class (SKE) - 2025-12-08
  • 猪蹄 (Zhū tí): Pigs feet - 2025-12-15, 2026-01-01
  • 牛肉 (Niúròu): Beef - 2025-12-15
  • 签证 (Qiānzhèng): Visa - 2025-12-15
  • 曲奇饼 (Qū qí bǐng): Cookie - 2025-12-26
  • 褪黑素 (Tuì hēi sù): Melatonin - 2025-12-26
  • 地面 (Dìmiàn): Floor - 2025-12-26
  • 酱牛肉 (Jiàng niúròu): Braised beef (in soy sauce) - 2026-01-01
  • 蚕蛹 (Cányǒng): Silkworm chrysalis - 2026-01-01
  • 项目 (xiàngmù): Project
  • 自由 (zìyóu): Freedom
  • 矛盾 (máodùn): Contradiction
  • 憎恨 (zēnghèn): Hatred
  • 韭菜 (Jiǔcài): Chinese Chives/Leeks
  • 眼睛 (yǎn jīng): eye
  • 亚马逊 (Yàmǎxùn): Amazon
  • 冲绳 (Chōngshéng): Okinawa
  • 农村 (nóng cūn): countryside
  • 助教 (Zhùjiào): Teaching assistant
  • 中医 (Zhōngyī): Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • 个人医疗指示 (Gèrén yīliáo zhǐshì): Personal medical directive
  • 全血 (quánxuè): Whole blood
  • 红细胞 (hóngxìbāo): Red blood cells
  • 白细胞 (báixìbāo): White blood cells
  • 血小板 (xuèxiǎobǎn): Platelets
  • 血浆 (xuèjiāng): Plasma
  • 治疗 (zhìliáo): Treatment
  • 安眠药 (Ānmiányào): Sleeping pills
  • 生存刀 (Shēngcún dāo): Survival Knife
  • 指甲刀 (Zhǐjiǎ dāo): Nail Clippers
  • 账号 (zhànghào): Account (e.g., online)
  • 评测 (píngcè): Review (of a product)
  • 电量 (diànliàng): Battery life
  • 游戏配件 (Yóuxì pèijiàn): Gaming accessories
  • 握把 (wòbǎ): A grip
  • 保护膜 (bǎohù mó): Protective film / Screen protector
  • 保护套 (bǎohù tào): Protective case
  • 充电宝 (chōngdiàn bǎo): Battery pack / Power bank
  • 数据线 (shùjù xiàn): Data cable
  • 掌机 (zhǎng jī): Handheld console
  • 3D打印 (3D dǎyìn): 3D Printing
  • 天气 (Tiānqì): Weather
  • 天气预报 (Tiānqì yùbào): Weather Forecast
  • 会众 (Huìzhòng): Congregation - 2025-12-04
  • 本地建筑设计委员会 (Běndì jiànzhú shèjì wěiyuánhuì): LDC - 2025-12-04
  • 电工 (Diàngōng): electrician - 2025-12-04
  • 保龄球 (Bǎolíngqiú): bowling - 2025-12-04
  • 电视剧 (Diànshìjù): TV drama - 2025-12-04
  • 拉锁 (lāsuǒ): zipper - 2025-12-04

People & Relationships

  • 穿花衬衫的弟兄 (Chuān huā chènshān de dìxiōng): Brother in Floral Shirt - 2025-11-24
  • 穿粉色衬衫的姐妹 (Chuān fěnsè chènshān de jiěmèi): The sister in the pink shirt - 2025-11-24
  • 戴眼镜的弟兄 (Dài yǎnjìng de dìxiōng): The brother wearing glasses - 2025-11-24
  • 你是真男人 (Nǐ shì zhēn nánrén): You are a real man!
  • 前妻 (qiánqī): Ex-wife
  • 前夫 (qiánfū): Ex-husband
  • 前任 (qiánrèn): Ex (gender-neutral)
  • 老婆 (lǎopó): Wife (endearing term)
  • 客户 (kèhù): Client
  • 发型师 (fǎxíng shī): Hairdresser
  • 传统的日本人 (Chuántǒng de rìběn rén): Traditional Japanese Person
  • 单身 (dān shēn): Single
  • 榜样 (bǎngyàng): Role model
  • 小白 (xiǎobái): "Little White" -> Beginner
  • 先驱 (xiānqū): Pioneer - 2025-12-04
  • 女性朋友 (Nǚxìng péngyǒu): female friends - 2025-12-04

Verbs

  • 想好 (xiǎnghǎo): To figure out - 2025-12-04
  • 牧养 (mù yǎng): to shepherd (can be noun or verb) - 2025-12-08
  • 推荐 (Tuījiàn): recommend - 2025-12-08
  • 讨厌 (Tǎoyàn): Hate - 2025-12-15
  • 留胡子 (liú húzǐ): To grow a beard
  • 被封了 (bèi fēngle): To get banned
  • 记得 (jìdé): To remember
  • 陷入 (xiànrù): To fall into / be caught by
  • 付出 (fùchū): To pay; to expend (cost)
  • 骑车 (qí chē): To ride a bike
  • 开车 (kāichē): To drive a car
  • 谈 (tán): To talk
  • 休息 (xiūxí): To rest / take a break
  • 遇到 (yù): To encounter
  • 体验 (tǐyàn): To experience
  • 处理 (chǔlǐ): To deal with / handle
  • 偷偷 (tōutōu): Secretly
  • 请客 (qǐngkè): To treat someone (to a meal)
  • 包括 (bāokuò): To include
  • 注意 (zhùyì): To pay attention to
  • 失去 (shīqù): To lose
  • 传染 (chuánrǎn): to infect
  • 理发 (lǐfà): To get a haircut
  • 聊天 (liáotiān): To chat
  • 收到 (shōu dào): To receive
  • 放弃 (fàngqì): To give up
  • 发热 (fārè): To generate heat
  • 下雨 (Xià yǔ): To Rain
  • 下雪 (Xià xuě): To snow
  • 取笑 (Qǔxiào): To make fun of - 2025-12-04
  • 沟通 (gōutōng): to confess/communicate - 2025-12-04
  • 表白 (biǎobái): to confess (feelings) - 2025-12-04
  • 跳舞 (tiàowǔ): To dance - 2025-12-04
  • 坐 (zuò): To ride in (a car) - 2025-12-04

Adjectives

  • 抑郁 (Yìyù): Depressed - 2025-12-08
  • 低落 (Dīluò): Low (mood) - 2025-12-08
  • 严格 (yángé): Strict
  • 麻烦 (máfan): Troublesome
  • 担心 (dānxīn): Worried
  • 悲伤 (bēishāng): Sadness
  • 惊讶 (jīngyà): Surprised
  • 愤怒 (fènnù): Rage
  • 激动 (jīdòng): Excited (intensely)
  • 放松 (fàngsōng): Relaxed
  • 耐心 (nàixīn): Patient
  • 幽默 (yōumò): Funny; humorous
  • 安全 (ānquán): Safe
  • 随机 (suíjī): Random
  • 尴尬 (gāngà): Awkward; embarrassing
  • 假的 (Jiǎde): Fake
  • 无数 (wúshù): Limitless
  • 严重 (yánzhòng): Serious
  • 晴天 (Qíngtiān): Sunny Day
  • 多云 (Duōyún): Cloudy
  • 冷 (Lěng): Cold
  • 热 (Rè): Hot
  • 舒服 (Shūfu): Comfortable
  • 奇怪 (qíguài): Strange - 2025-12-04

Adverbs & Expressions

  • 以后 (yǐhòu): Future, later, soon - 2025-12-08
  • 更 (Gèng): More - 2025-12-15
  • 随便 (Suíbiàn): Whatever; anything is fine
  • 从现在起 (cóng xiànzài qǐ): From now on
  • 没想到 (Méi xiǎngdào): Didn't expect (in a good way)
  • 终于 (zhōngyú): Finally, at last
  • 反而 (fǎn'ér): On the contrary, instead
  • 其实 (qíshì): Actually
  • 当然 (dāngrán): Of course
  • 总是 (zǒng shì): Always
  • 有时 (yǒu shí): Sometimes

Idioms & Slang (Chengyu & Lingo)

  • 当局者迷，旁观者清 (Dāngjúzhěmí, pángguānzhěqīng): Those involved are often confused, but bystanders see clearly. - 2025-12-04
  • 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (Yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū): "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from afar."
  • 人山人海 (Rénshānrénhǎi): "People mountain, people sea." An idiom describing huge crowds.
  • 心静自然凉 (Xīnjìng zìrán liáng): "A calm heart keeps you naturally cool."
  • 亦敌亦友 (Yì dí yì yǒu): Frenemies.
  • 厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí): "Thick-skinned." Not easily affected by criticism.
  • 冲手法 (Chōng shǒufǎ): Rushing to be the first to buy a new product.
  • 废了 (fèile): Slang for feeling exhausted.
  • 虎 (hǔ): Slang for fierce or reckless.
  • 电子阳痿 (Diànzǐ yángwěi): "Electronic impotence." Buying many games but lacking the motivation to play them.
  • 猫屎咖啡 (Māo shǐ kāfēi): "Cat poop coffee" (Kopi luwak).
  • "Wife and Mother in Water" Dilemma: A classic tricky question: "If your mother and I fell into the water, who would you save first?"
  • 被割韭菜 (bèi gē jiǔcài): "To be cut like leeks." An idiom for being repeatedly exploited financially.
  • 女人心,海底针 (Nǚrén xīn, hǎidǐ zhēn): "A woman's heart is like a needle at the bottom of the sea." (hard to predict) - 2025-12-26

Conversations

Dinner Preparation

  • Wife: 亲爱的，今天晚上想吃什么？ (Honey, what do you want to eat tonight?)
  • Husband: 随便，你做什么我都喜欢。(Whatever, I like anything you make.)
  • Wife: 那我做你最喜欢的红烧肉好不好？(Then how about I make your favorite braised pork?)
  • Husband: 太好了！谢谢老婆。(Great! Thank you, love.)

Coincidental Meeting at a Coffee Shop

  • S: 哎？JS! 你也在这里啊，好巧！ (Huh? JS! You're here too? What a coincidence!)
  • JS: 哎？Spencer? 真的是你！最近怎么样啊？好久不见了？ (Huh? Spencer? It's really you! How have you been? Long time no see!)
  • S: 是啊，世界真小！要不要一起坐一会儿，聊聊天儿? (Yes, it’s a small world! Do you want to sit for a while and chat?)

Discussing the Weather

  • A: 你好, 今天很热, 你也是来乘凉吗? (Hello, it's very hot today. Are you also here to cool off?)
  • B: 对啊，又热又吵。(Yes, it's hot and humid.)
  • A: 你有什么降暑的好方法吗？ (Do you have any good ways to beat the heat?)
  • B: 留在家里吹空调。(Stay at home and blast the air conditioning.)

Personal Conversation - 2025-12-04

(A collection of sentences from a personal conversation)

  • 你想好怎么说了吗? (Nǐ xiǎng hǎo zěnme shuōle ma?): Have you figured out what you're going to say?
  • 她一直去传道，也有很多属灵的特质。(Tā yīzhí qù chuándào, yěyǒu hěnduō shǔ líng de tèzhì.): She always in service, and has many spiritual qualities.
  • 你打算什么时候跟那个姐妹表白呢？(Nǐ dǎsuàn shénme shíhòu gēn nàgè jiěmèi biǎobái ne?): When do you plan to confess to that sister?
  • 最近每天晚上都给你发信息。(Zuìjìn měitiān wǎnshàng dōu gěi nǐ fā xìnxī.): She sends you messages every night recently.

Conversation about Economy - Updated: 2026-01-01

A: 师傅，最近生意怎么样呢？ A: Shīfu, zuìjìn shēngyi zěnme yàng ne? A: Sir, how's business lately?

B: 最近不太好。 B: Zuìjìn bù tài hǎo。 B: Not really good lately.

A: 疫情之后，各行各业都不太好。 A: Yìqíng zhīhòu, gè háng gè yè dōu bù tài hǎo. A: Since the pandemic, things have been rough for all industries.

B: 对啊，什么都涨，就是工资不涨。 B: Duì a, shénme dōu zhǎng, jiùshì gōngzī bù zhǎng. B: Yeah, everything is going up in price, except wages.

A: 师傅，你觉得以后经济会怎么样？ A: Shīfu, nǐ juédé yǐhòu jīngjì huì zěnme yàng? A: Sir, what do you think the economy will be like in the future?

B: 以后可能会越来越不好。 B: Yǐhòu kěnéng huì yuè lai yuè bù hǎo. B: The future will keep getting worse.

A: 我也同意。你觉得我们可以怎样应付经济难题呢 A: Wǒ yě tóngyì. Nǐ juédé wǒmen kěyǐ zěnyàng yìngfù jīngjì nántí ne？ A: I agree too. How do you think we can cope with the economic difficulties?

B: 那就省着点儿花呗 B: Nà jiù shěngzhe diǎn'er huā bei B: Then just spend a little less - 呗/bei - you can stick at the end of an obvious sentence to soften the tone. - 着/zhe - denotes that the action should be done over a period of time.

A: 没错，这是个好办法，除此之外，我觉得心态也很重要，您觉得呢？ A: Méi cuò, zhè shìgè hǎo bànfǎ, chú cǐ zhī wài, wǒ juédé xīntài yě hěn zhòngyào, nín juédé ne? A: That's right, this is a good way. Besides that, I feel one's attitude is very important, what do you think?

B: 对，没错 B: Duì, méi cuò B: Yes, that's right.

A: 前几天我看到一句话说：“所以，总不要为明天忧虑，明天有明天的忧虑。每一天的难题已经够多了"。您觉得有道理吗？ A: Qián jǐ tiān wǒ kàn dào yījù huàshuō:“Suǒyǐ, zǒng bùyào wéi míngtiān yōulǜ, míngtiān yǒu míngtiān de yōulǜ. Měi yītiān de nántí yǐjīng gòu duōle". Nín juédé yǒu dàolǐ ma? A: A few days ago I saw a quote that said, "Therefore, do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own." Do you think that makes sense?

B: 非常有道理 B: Fēicháng yǒu dàolǐ B: It makes a lot of sense.

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