78 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
78 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
# Random Words
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- 種類 -> しゅるい -> Type
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- 雑種 -> ざっしゅ -> Mutt, also works for cats
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- 苦手 -> にがて -> Not good at, but subjective. Like something one things of themselves. へた is something they objectively suck at.
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# Main Point
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## Passive Verb Tense
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This turns something like "To Scold" to "To be Scolded by"
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### Group 1 Verbs (godan)
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Take the ~u sound, and change it to ~aれる. If the ending kana is う, it changes to われる
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- しかる -> しかられる
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- さそう -> さそわれる
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### Group 2 Verbs (Ichidan)
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Take the ～る、and turn it into ～られる
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- 食べる -> 食べられる
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### Group 3 Verbs
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する -> される
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- 輸入する -> 輸入される // To Import -> To import by
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くる -> こられる
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- 持ってくる -> 持ってこられる // To bring -> To be brought by
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## Conditional Forms
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### 1. The ~eba (~えば) Form
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This is often called the **"Logical If."** Use this when focusing on the condition required to achieve a specific result.
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- **How to form it:** **Verbs:** Change the final _~u_ sound to _~e_ and add _ば_. (e.g., _Iku_ → _Ikeba_)
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- **I-Adjectives:** Drop the final _~i_, add _~kereba_. (e.g., _Samui_ → _Samukereba_)
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- **The Vibe:** It’s very "If A happens, then B will definitely follow." It is often used for instructions, proverbs, or mathematical certainties.
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### 2. The Nakereba (なければ) Form
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This is simply the **negative version of ~eba**. It translates to **"If "something" does not happen."**
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- **How to form it:** Take the negative (_nai_) form of a verb, drop the _~i_, and add _~kereba_.
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- **Example:** _Tabenai_ (don't eat) → _Tabenakereba_ (If I don't eat).
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- **Common Use:** You’ll see this in the phrase for "must": _~nakereba narimasen_ (lit: "If you don't do it, it won't be okay").
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- Can also stick "よかった" after it to mean "I wish I "
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---
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### 3. The ~tara (~ら) Form
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This is the **"Conversational If."** It is the most versatile and common conditional in spoken Japanese.
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- **How to form it:** Take the **past tense** of the verb/adjective and add _~ra_.
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- **Verbs:** _Itta_ (went) → _Ittara_ (If/when I go).
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- **Adjectives:** _Samukatta_ (was cold) → _Samukattara_ (If it's cold).
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- **The Vibe:** It can mean "if" (hypothetical) or "when" (temporal). It’s very safe to use in almost any casual situation.
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#### What is the negative of ~tara?
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The negative form is **~nakattara**.
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- **How to form it:** Take the negative past tense (_~nakatta_) and add _~ra_.
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- **Example:** _Ikanakatta_ (didn't go) → _Ikanakattara_ (If I don't go/If I hadn't gone).
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### Examples
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- 僕はもっと勉強すればよかった
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- I should have studied more
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- 僕は家に早く帰ればよかった
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- I should have gone home earlier
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# Homework
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-
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