58 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
58 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# Last Weeks Homework
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# Synopsis from 2025-12-04 Class
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This week's lesson covered two main grammar points in detail:
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1. **The Conditional `(た)ら`:**
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* **What it is:** A highly common and versatile way to say "if" or "when." It's used to connect two clauses, where the first clause is a condition that must be met for the second clause to happen.
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* **How to form it:** You take the plain past tense of a verb (the `た-form`) and simply add `ら`. For example, `着く` (tsuku, to arrive) becomes `着いた` (tsuita), and then you add `ら` to get `着いたら` (tsuitara, "when/if you arrive").
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- **For adjectives and nouns:**
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- い-Adjectives: Change the final `い` to `かったら`. (e.g., `寒い` -> `寒かったら` - if it's cold)
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- な-Adjectives/Nouns: Add `だったら`. (e.g., `暇` -> `暇だったら` - if you're free)
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* **When to use it:** It's great for both guaranteed future events ("**When** I turn 20, I will...") and hypotheticals ("**If** I won the lottery, I would..."). It strongly implies that the first action *must* happen before the second can begin.
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2. **Expressing "No Need To" with `なくてもいいです`:**
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* **What it is:** This pattern is used to tell someone that they are not obligated to do something. It's a polite way of saying "You don't have to..." or "It's okay if you don't..."
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* **How to form it:** Take the plain negative `ない` form of a verb. For example, `持つ` (motsu, to hold) becomes `持たない` (motanai). Then, you drop the final `い` and add `くてもいいです`. So, `持たない` becomes `持たなくてもいいです` (motanakutemo ii desu, "you don't have to hold it").
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* **When to use it:** Use this to grant permission *not* to do something. It's the gentle opposite of giving a command. For instance, at a friend's house, you might be told `靴を脱がなくてもいいです` (kutsu o nuganakutemo ii desu), meaning "It's okay if you don't take off your shoes."
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# Random Words
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- 交通事項 (こうつうじこ) -> Traffic Accident
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- 起きる (おきる) -> To Happen (Also means to get up)
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- 太陽 （たいよう) -> Sun
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# Main Point
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## ~みたいです -> Looks Like
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You can add ~みたいです after a non-polite verb, to say it looks like the verb happened. Can also stick after a past tense verb.
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Can also add after nouns。 Just stick it at the end, nothing special. It creates a sort of simile/metaphor situation.
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Note: Can not use this with adjectives alone. If you use it with Adjectives, its like your observing something else, not really making a metaphor. Which I guess is the same in English, it just carries stronger nuance here.
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### Examples
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**Using Verbs**
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- 事項が起きたみたいです
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- It looks like the accident happened
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- 病気になったみたいです
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- It Looks like I got sick
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- 赤ちゃんはお腹が空いたみたいです
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- It looks like the baby is hungry
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- いまは社長が起こっているみたいです
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- Now, it looks like the boss is in a state of being angry
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**Using Nouns**
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- 彼女の歌は歌手みたいです
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- The girls singing looks like a singer
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- 彼の頭はコンピュータみたいです
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- His brain is like a computer
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- 彼の明るさは太陽みたいです
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- His sparkle is like the sun
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- 四月なのに夏見たいです
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- Even though its April, it feels like Summer
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- 田中さんどんな人ですか？天使みたいです
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- What kind of person is Tanaka? She's like an angel
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- ハワイはどんなところですか？夢見たいです
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- What kind of place is Hawaii? It's like a dream
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- 風は台風が来たみたいです
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- As for the wind, its like a typhoon is coming
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