198 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
198 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: Knowledge
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title: Synthesized Chinese Class Notes
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date: '2025-10-23'
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---
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# Synthesized Chinese Class Notes
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This note is a synthesized compilation of all Chinese class notes from the `10-Input` folder. The content has been organized by topic for clarity and ease of reference.
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## Grammar
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This section covers sentence structures, verb complements, and key grammatical patterns.
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### Sentence Patterns
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- **Expressing "Structure is complex"**: `SUBJECT + 的构造非常复杂 (de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá)`
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- **Estimating a Quantity**: `估计 (Gūjì) + SUBJECT + 有 (yǒu) + NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT`
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- **Reacting to News**: `听到 (Tīng dào) + {THING HEARD}, SUBJECT + 会/很 (huì/hěn) + {FEELING}, 甚至觉得 (shènzhì juédé) + {EVEN STRONGER FEELING/REACTION}`
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- **Remembering / Forgetting**: `SUBJECT + 记得/不记得 (jìdé/bù jìdé) + OBJECT`
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- **Learning from Someone's Example**: `我们陷入 (Wǒmen xiànrù) + {SITUATION} + 时 (shí), 可以怎样向 (kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng) + {PERSON} + 学习 (xuéxí)?`
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- **Considering the Cost**: `在 (zài) + {ACTION} + 之前 (zhīqián), 先想想你需要为此付出什么, 包括投入多少时间, 精力, 和财务 (xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme, bāokuò tóurù duōshǎo shíjiān, jīnglì, hé cáiwù)`
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- **Expressing Feelings**: `我感觉 (Wǒ gǎnjué) + 很 (hěn) + EMOTION`
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- **"Not Only..., But Also..." (Negative Emphasis)**: `SUBJECT + 不但 (bùdàn) + {BAD THING}, 反而 (fǎn'ér) + {EVEN WORSE THING}`
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- **Leaving a Matter to Someone**: `我会儿把 (Wǒ huì bǎ) + {THE MATTER} + 交给 (jiāo gěi) + {ENTITY} + 处理 (chǔlǐ)`
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- **Expressing Fear of Loss**: `我特别害怕失去 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù) + {OBJECT/CONCEPT}`
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- **"First..., Then..."**: `我想先 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān) + ACTION 1 + 再 (zài) + ACTION 2`
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- **Waiting for Something Impatiently**: `SUBJECT + 终于 (zhōngyú) + VERB + 了 (le), 我都快等死了 (Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle)`
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- **Not Ashamed, But Proud**: `SUBJECT + 不以 (bù yǐ) + {THING} + 为耻 (wéi chǐ), 反而以 (fǎn'ér yǐ) + {THING} + 为荣 (wéi róng)`
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- **"I Just Couldn't..." (Expressing Frustration)**: `怎么就是 (zěnme jiùshì) + {UNPLEASANT RESULT}`
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- **"Tell me when..."**: `等你 (Děng nǐ) + ACTION 1 + 了告诉我 (le gàosù wǒ), 我想 (wǒ xiǎng) + ACTION 2`
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- **Using `de` for more detail**: Place `de` after a verb to add more detail to the action. `Ni chi de shenme?` (You ate what?)
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- **`Yào zǒule` - Something is going to happen**: `Subj + Yào + Verb + Optional Object + le`
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- **`bù míngbái` - I don't understand how to...**: `{{Thing you don't understand}} wǒ zhēn de {{Optional Verb}} bù míngbái.`
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- **"ADJ1 and also ADJ2"**: `Subj + 又 + ADJ1 + 又 + ADJ2`
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- *Example*: 我又高又帅 (Wǒ yòu gāo yòu shuài) - I am tall and handsome.
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- *Example*: 这里的菜又便宜又好吃 (Zhèlǐ de cài yòu piányí yòu hào chī) - The food here is cheap and delicious.
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- **"Besides..."**: `除了...., Subj 还.... (Chúle...., Subj hái....)`
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- *Example*: 除了饭，你们还会买什么？ (Chúle fàn, nǐmen hái huì mǎi shénme?) - Besides food, what else will you buy?
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### Verb Complements
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- **下来 (xiàlái)**: Indicates an action completed from beginning to end.
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- **起来 (qǐlái)**:
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1. Directional (low to high): `站起来` (Stand up).
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2. Subjective Feeling (with senses): `海鲜看起来很好吃` (The seafood looks delicious).
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- **出来 (chūlái)**: Indicates movement from inside to outside.
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- **伤 (shāng)**: A result complement indicating an action caused injury.
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### "Again": 又 (Yòu) vs. 再 (Zài)
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- **又 (Yòu)**: Used for an action that happened again in the **past**.
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- **再 (Zài)**: Used for an action that will happen again in the **present or future**.
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## Vocabulary
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### General Words & Phrases
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- **想法不错 (Xiǎngfǎ bùcuò)**: Good Idea
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- **随便 (Suíbiàn)**: Whatever; anything is fine.
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- **幽默 (yōumò)**: Funny; humorous
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- **榜样 (bǎngyàng)**: Role model
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- **勇气 (yǒngqì)**: Courage
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- **包括 (bāokuò)**: To include
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- **从现在起 (cóng xiànzài qǐ)**: From now on
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- **注意 (zhùyì)**: To pay attention to
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- **安全 (ānquán)**: Safety
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- **项目 (xiàngmù)**: Project
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- **没想到 (Méi xiǎngdào)**: Didn't expect (in a good way)
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- **随机 (suíjī)**: Random
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- **尴尬 (gāngà)**: Awkward; embarrassing
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- **量 (liàng)**: Quantity
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- **失去 (shīqù)**: To lose
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- **自由 (zìyóu)**: Freedom
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- **矛盾 (máodùn)**: Contradiction
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- **憎恨 (zēnghèn)**: Hatred
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- **倾向 (qīngxiàng)**: Tendency
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- **假的 (Jiǎde)**: Fake
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- **骗 (Piàn)**: Cheated/Deceived
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- **小白 (xiǎobái)**: Little White -> Beginner
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- **韭菜 (Jiǔcài)**: Chinese Chives/Leeks
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- **无数 (wúshù)**: Limitless
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- **我感冒了 (Wǒ gǎnmàole)**: I have a cold
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- **传染 (chuánrǎn)**: to infect
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- **他是我的最爱 (Tā shì wǒ de zuì ài)**: She is my favorite
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- **你理发了! (Nǐ lǐfàle!)**: You got a haircut!
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- **有期待 (yǒu qídài)**: Have expectations / Look forward to something
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### People & Relationships
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- **你是真男人 (Nǐ shì zhēn nánrén)**: You are a real man!
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- **前妻 (qiánqī)**: Ex-wife
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- **前夫 (qiánfū)**: Ex-husband
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- **前任 (qiánrèn)**: Ex (gender-neutral)
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- **老婆 (lǎopó)**: Wife (endearing term)
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- **客户 (kèhù)**: Client
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- **发型师 (fǎxíng shī)**: Hairdresser
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### Actions & Verbs
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- **留胡子 (liú húzǐ)**: To grow a beard
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- **被封了 (bèi fēngle)**: To get banned
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- **记得 (jìdé)**: To remember
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- **陷入 (xiànrù)**: To fall into / be caught by
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- **付出 (fùchū)**: To pay; to expend (cost)
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- **骑车 (qí chē)**: To ride a bike
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- **开车 (kāichē)**: To drive a car
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- **谈 (tán)**: To talk
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- **休息 (xiūxí)**: To rest / take a break
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- **遇到 (yù)**: To encounter
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- **体验 (tǐyàn)**: To experience
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- **处理 (chǔlǐ)**: To deal with / handle
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- **偷偷 (tōutōu)**: Secretly
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- **请客 (Nǐ qǐngkè!)**: Your treat!
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### Feelings & Emotions
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- **麻烦 (máfan)**: Troublesome
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- **担心 (dānxīn)**: Worried
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- **悲伤 (bēishāng)**: Sadness
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- **惊讶 (jīngyà)**: Surprised
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- **愤怒 (fènnù)**: Rage
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- **激动 (jīdòng)**: Excited (intensely)
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- **压力 (yālì)**: Pressure; stress
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- **放松 (fàngsōng)**: Relaxed
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- **肉疼 (ròuténg)**: Pain from spending a lot of money
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- **爽 (shuǎng)**: To feel good (colloquial)
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### Medical & Health
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- **个人医疗指示 (Gèrén yīliáo zhǐshì)**: Personal medical directive
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- **绝不输入 (juébù shūrù)**: Never transfuse
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- **全血 (quánxuè)**: Whole blood
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- **红细胞 (hóngxìbāo)**: Red blood cells
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- **白细胞 (báixìbāo)**: White blood cells
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- **血小板 (xuèxiǎobǎn)**: Platelets
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- **血浆 (xuèjiāng)**: Plasma
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- **治疗 (zhìliáo)**: Treatment
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- **放弃 (fàngqì)**: To give up
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- **安眠药 (Ānmiányào)**: Sleeping pills
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### Technology & Gaming
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- **生存刀 (Shēngcún dāo)**: Survival Knife
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- **指甲刀 (Zhǐjiǎ dāo)**: Nail Clippers
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- **账号 (zhànghào)**: Account (e.g., online)
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- **评测 (píngcè)**: Review (of a product)
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- **电量 (diànliàng)**: Battery life
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- **发热 (fārè)**: To generate heat
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- **游戏配件 (Yóuxì pèijiàn)**: Gaming accessories
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- **握把 (wòbǎ)**: A grip
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- **保护膜 (bǎohù mó)**: Protective film / Screen protector
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- **保护套 (bǎohù tào)**: Protective case
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- **充电宝 (chōngdiàn bǎo)**: Battery pack / Power bank
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- **数据线 (shùjù xiàn)**: Data cable
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- **掌机 (zhǎng jī)**: Handheld console
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- **3D打印 (3D dǎyìn)**: 3D Printing
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## Conversations
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### Dinner Preparation
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- **Wife**: 亲爱的，今天晚上想吃什么？ (Honey, what do you want to eat tonight?)
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- **Husband**: 随便，你做什么我都喜欢。(Whatever, I like anything you make.)
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- **Wife**: 那我做你最喜欢的红烧肉好不好？(Then how about I make your favorite braised pork?)
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- **Husband**: 太好了！谢谢老婆。(Great! Thank you, love.)
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### Coincidental Meeting at a Coffee Shop
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- **S**: 哎？JS! 你也在这里啊，好巧！ (Huh? JS! You're here too? What a coincidence!)
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- **JS**: 哎？Spencer? 真的是你！最近怎么样啊？好久不见了？ (Huh? Spencer? It's really you! How have you been? Long time no see!)
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- **S**: 是啊，世界真小！要不要一起坐一会儿，聊聊天儿? (Yes, it’s a small world! Do you want to sit for a while and chat?)
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### Discussing the Weather
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- **A**: 你好, 今天很热, 你也是来乘凉吗? (Hello, it's very hot today. Are you also here to cool off?)
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- **B**: 对啊，又热又吵。(Yes, it's hot and humid.)
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- **A**: 你有什么降暑的好方法吗？ (Do you have any good ways to beat the heat?)
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- **B**: 留在家里吹空调。(Stay at home and blast the air conditioning.)
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## Cultural Notes, Idioms & Slang
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- **有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (Yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū)**: "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from afar."
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- **人山人海 (Rénshānrénhǎi)**: "People mountain, people sea." An idiom describing huge crowds.
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- **心静自然凉 (Xīnjìng zìrán liáng)**: "A calm heart keeps you naturally cool."
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- **亦敌亦友 (Yì dí yì yǒu)**: Frenemies.
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- **厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)**: "Thick-skinned." Not easily affected by criticism.
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- **冲手法 (Chōng shǒufǎ)**: Rushing to be the first to buy a new product.
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- **废了 (fèile)**: Slang for feeling exhausted.
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- **虎 (hǔ)**: Slang for fierce or reckless.
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- **电子阳痿 (Diànzǐ yángwěi)**: "Electronic impotence." Buying many games but lacking the motivation to play them.
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- **猫屎咖啡 (Māo shǐ kāfēi)**: "Cat poop coffee" (Kopi luwak).
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- **Spring Festival Customs**: Notes on traditions like **春联 (Chūnlián)** (Spring Couplets) and the character **福 (fú)** (blessing/fortune).
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- **"Wife and Mother in Water" Dilemma**: A classic tricky question: "If your mother and I fell into the water, who would you save first?"
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- **被割韭菜 (bèi gē jiǔcài)**: "To be cut like leeks." An idiom for being repeatedly exploited financially, especially when new to something.
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- *Example*: 每天都有无数小白被割韭菜 (Měitiān doū yǒu wúshù xiǎobái bèi gē jiǔcài) - Every day, countless beginners are taken advantage of.
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- *Example*: 你被割韭菜了 (Nǐ bèi gē jiǔcàile) - You've been taken advantage of.
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