Inanis_Vault/10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-04-01.md

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Last Weeks Homework

Synopsis from Japanese Class_2026-03-23.md: Continued Special Humble Speech (Tokubetsu no Kenjougo) with verbs like 'mairimasu' (go/come), 'orimasu' (be), and 'moushimasu' (say). Introduced the 'V-naide' pattern for expressing 'instead of' doing something. Vocabulary included clothing items (short/long sleeves, shorts) and terms like 'kouei' (honor) and 'renkyuu' (long holiday).

Random Words

• 学習しました -> I learned something
• 上着 - うわぎ -> Jacket
• 下着 -> したぎ -> Underwear
• 薄着 -> うすぎ -> Thin Clothes (Summer Clothes)
• 厚着 -> あつぎ -> Thick Clothes (Winter Clothes)
• 記憶喪失 -> きおくそうしつ -> Memory Loss
• 離陸する -> りりくする -> To Take off (like in an airplane)
• 着陸する -> ちゃくりくする -> To Land (like in an airplane)
  • 到着 -> とうちゃく -> Arrival
• 間違う -> まちがう -> To make a mistake
• 文章 -> ぶんしょ -> Documents
• お見合い -> おみあい -> Arranged Marriage
• 招待する -> しょうたいする -> to invite

Main Point

Embedded Question

When you want to stick a "Who/What/Where/When/Why" question into the middle of a sentence, you follow this formula:

[Question in Plain Form] + か + [Main Verb]

The verb inside that first part must be in the Plain Form (e.g., たべる instead of たべます).

• ビールをなんぼんのんだか、わかりません。

  • Literal: How many bottles drank [か], don't know.
  • Natural: I don't know how many beers I drank.

• どこにすんでいるか、おしえてください。

  • Literal: Where living [か], please tell me.
  • Natural: Please tell me where you live.

• いつかいぎがあるか、しっていますか。

  • Literal: When meeting is [か], do you know?
  • Natural: Do you know when the meeting is?

Noun / な-Adjectives

When you use a Noun or a な-Adjective with this specific grammar, you drop the "だ".

• Correct: どこが不便か、教えてください。 (Tell me what is inconvenient.)
• Incorrect: どこが不便だか... No です・だ, skip it entirely.

Whether or Not

かどうか is used for Yes/No questions where there is no interrogative word (like "where" or "who").

• If there's a question word (Who/What/etc): Just use か.

• If there's NO question word: Use かどうか

• 私が結婚しているかどうか、わかりません。

  • "I don't know whether or not I am married."
    • You what now?

• 家族がいるかどうか、わかりません。

  • "I don't know if I have family (there) or not."

Examples

• 事故に遭ったかどうか、覚えっていません
  • I don't remember if the accident happened or not
• ここはどこか、私は誰か、どうしてここにいるか、かぞくがいるか、おぼえていません
  • I do not remember where I am, who I am, why I am here, or if I have a family.
• 私はA-さんがどこにいるか、わかりません
• B-さんが卒業したかどうか、知りません
  • I don't know whether B-san graduated or not.
• いつ離陸するか、教えてください
  • Please tell me when we will take off.
• 私は文書が間違っているかどうか、チェックします
  • I will check whether the document is incorrect.
• 招待したの人が来るかどうか、知りません
  • I don't know whether the people I invited will come or not.

Supplementary Notes

- For 知っている, we can only use ています in the affirmative, not in the negative. 

Homework