Inanis_Vault/20-Knowledge/Synthesized-Chinese-Class-Notes.md

---
type: Knowledge
title: Synthesized Chinese Class Notes
date: '2025-10-23'
---

# Synthesized Chinese Class Notes

This note is a synthesized compilation of all Chinese class notes from the `10-Input` folder. The content has been organized by topic for clarity and ease of reference.

## Grammar

This section covers sentence structures, verb complements, and key grammatical patterns.

### Sentence Patterns

- **Expressing "Structure is complex"**: `SUBJECT + 的构造非常复杂 (de gòuzào fēicháng fùzá)`
- **Estimating a Quantity**: `估计 (Gūjì) + SUBJECT + 有 (yǒu) + NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT`
- **Reacting to News**: `听到 (Tīng dào) + {THING HEARD}, SUBJECT + 会/很 (huì/hěn) + {FEELING}, 甚至觉得 (shènzhì juédé) + {EVEN STRONGER FEELING/REACTION}`
- **Remembering / Forgetting**: `SUBJECT + 记得/不记得 (jìdé/bù jìdé) + OBJECT`
- **Learning from Someone's Example**: `我们陷入 (Wǒmen xiànrù) + {SITUATION} + 时 (shí), 可以怎样向 (kěyǐ zěnyàng xiàng) + {PERSON} + 学习 (xuéxí)?`
- **Considering the Cost**: `在 (zài) + {ACTION} + 之前 (zhīqián), 先想想你需要为此付出什么, 包括投入多少时间, 精力, 和财务 (xiān xiǎng xiǎng nǐ xūyào wèi cǐ fùchū shénme, bāokuò tóurù duōshǎo shíjiān, jīnglì, hé cáiwù)`
- **Expressing Feelings**: `我感觉 (Wǒ gǎnjué) + 很 (hěn) + EMOTION`
- **"Not Only..., But Also..." (Negative Emphasis)**: `SUBJECT + 不但 (bùdàn) + {BAD THING}, 反而 (fǎn'ér) + {EVEN WORSE THING}`
- **Leaving a Matter to Someone**: `我会儿把 (Wǒ huì bǎ) + {THE MATTER} + 交给 (jiāo gěi) + {ENTITY} + 处理 (chǔlǐ)`
- **Expressing Fear of Loss**: `我特别害怕失去 (Wǒ tèbié hàipà shīqù) + {OBJECT/CONCEPT}`
- **"First..., Then..."**: `我想先 (Wǒ xiǎng xiān) + ACTION 1 + 再 (zài) + ACTION 2`
- **Waiting for Something Impatiently**: `SUBJECT + 终于 (zhōngyú) + VERB + 了 (le), 我都快等死了 (Wǒ doū kuài děng sǐle)`
- **Not Ashamed, But Proud**: `SUBJECT + 不以 (bù yǐ) + {THING} + 为耻 (wéi chǐ), 反而以 (fǎn'ér yǐ) + {THING} + 为荣 (wéi róng)`
- **"I Just Couldn't..." (Expressing Frustration)**: `怎么就是 (zěnme jiùshì) + {UNPLEASANT RESULT}`
- **"Tell me when..."**: `等你 (Děng nǐ) + ACTION 1 + 了告诉我 (le gàosù wǒ), 我想 (wǒ xiǎng) + ACTION 2`
- **Using `de` for more detail**: Place `de` after a verb to add more detail to the action. `Ni chi de shenme?` (You ate what?)
- **`Yào zǒule` - Something is going to happen**: `Subj + Yào + Verb + Optional Object + le`
- **`bù míngbái` - I don't understand how to...**: `{{Thing you don't understand}} wǒ zhēn de {{Optional Verb}} bù míngbái.`
- **"ADJ1 and also ADJ2"**: `Subj + 又 + ADJ1 + 又 + ADJ2`
    - *Example*: 我又高又帅 (Wǒ yòu gāo yòu shuài) - I am tall and handsome.
    - *Example*: 这里的菜又便宜又好吃 (Zhèlǐ de cài yòu piányí yòu hào chī) - The food here is cheap and delicious.
- **"Besides..."**: `除了...., Subj 还.... (Chúle...., Subj hái....)`
    - *Example*: 除了饭，你们还会买什么？ (Chúle fàn, nǐmen hái huì mǎi shénme?) - Besides food, what else will you buy?
- **`吧/ba` particle**: Stick at the end of the sentence to make a suggestion. If not there, it sounds like your telling somewhat what to do. Similar to "How about..."
- **"Not only.... But also...."**: `不但。。。而且。。。 (bùdàn...érqiě...)`
	- *Example*: 今天不但下雨而且非常冷 (Jīntiān bùdàn xià yǔ érqiě fēicháng lěng) - It's not only raining today, but also very cold.

### Verb Complements

- **下来 (xiàlái)**: Indicates an action completed from beginning to end.
- **起来 (qǐlái)**:
    1.  Directional (low to high): `站起来` (Stand up).
    2.  Subjective Feeling (with senses): `海鲜看起来很好吃` (The seafood looks delicious).
- **出来 (chūlái)**: Indicates movement from inside to outside.
- **伤 (shāng)**: A result complement indicating an action caused injury.

## Grammar Notes - 2025-12-08

### Using 了 for things you wanted to do (or the lack thereof)
If you are saying you wanted to do something, you don't need to stick a 了 after it, because `le` refers to the completion of an action, not necessarily past tense. Since you're saying you want to do something, even if it's in the past, the action is not yet completed, so it doesn't need 了.

### Again You vs Zai

- **又 (Yòu)**: Used for an action that happened again in the **past**.
- **再 (Zài)**: Used for an action that will happen again in the **present or future**.

## Vocabulary

### General Words & Phrases

- **棋牌 (Qípái)**: Chess and Card Games - 2025-11-24
- **穿花衬衫的弟兄 (Chuān huā chènshān de dìxiōng)**: Brother in Floral Shirt - 2025-11-24
- **穿粉色衬衫的姐妹 (Chuān fěnsè chènshān de jiěmèi)**: The sister in the pink shirt - 2025-11-24
- **戴眼镜的弟兄 (Dài yǎnjìng de dìxiōng)**: The brother wearing glasses - 2025-11-24
- **想好 (xiǎnghǎo)**: To figure out - 2025-12-04
- **当局者迷，旁观者清 (Dāngjúzhěmí, pángguānzhěqīng)**: Chengyu, Those involved are often confused, but those beside you see things clearly - 2025-12-04
- **抑郁 (Yìyù)**: Depressed - 2025-12-08
- **抑郁证 (Yìyù zhèng)**: Depression (zhèng -> Disease) - 2025-12-08
- **低落 (Dīluò)**: Low, ADJ - 2025-12-08
- **以后 (yǐhòu)**: Future, later, soon. Works for a lot of things - 2025-12-08
- **两个小时以后 (Liǎng gè xiǎoshí yǐhòu)**: Two hours later - 2025-12-08
- **现在我还没卷备好 (Xiànzài wǒ hái méi juǎnbèi hǎo)**: Now I'm still not ready - 2025-12-08
- **王国传福音这训练班 (Wángguó chuán fúyīn zhè xùnliàn bān)**: Kingdom Preacher Training Class (SKE) - 2025-12-08
- **我和他交往的话，就不能去了 (Wǒ hé tā jiāowǎng dehuà, jiù bùnéng qùle)**: If I interact with him, I can't go - 2025-12-08
- **我感觉压力太大了 (Wǒ gǎnjué yālì tài dàle)**: I feel pressure is too much - 2025-12-08
- **你是长老,你可以牧养我 (Nǐ shì zhǎnglǎo, nǐ kěyǐ mù yǎng wǒ)**: You are an elder, you can shepherd me (mù yǎng -> Can be used as a noun or a verb, to shepherd) - 2025-12-08
- **我还不知道 (Wǒ hái bù zhīdào)**: I still don‘t know / I'm still figuring it out - 2025-12-08
- **你看Rain之后，他们问你是否愿意成为长老 (Nǐ kàn Rain zhīhòu, tāmen wèn nǐ shìfǒu yuànyì chéngwéi zhǎnglǎo)**: After Rain, they asked if you are willing to become an elder (shìfǒu -> Yes or No/Whether or not; yuànyì -> Willing) - 2025-12-08
- **推荐 (Tuījiàn)**: recommend - 2025-12-08
- **是你的会中推荐你成为长老的吗 (Shì nǐ de huì zhōng tuījiàn nǐ chéngwéi zhǎnglǎo de ma?)**: Did your congregation recommend you to become an elder? - 2025-12-08
- **他想用你的手机拍照片 (Tā xiǎng yòng nǐ de shǒujī pāi zhàopiàn)**: She wanted to use your phone to take a picture - 2025-12-08

- **想法不错 (Xiǎngfǎ bùcuò)**: Good Idea
- **随便 (Suíbiàn)**: Whatever; anything is fine.
- **幽默 (yōumò)**: Funny; humorous
- **榜样 (bǎngyàng)**: Role model
- **勇气 (yǒngqì)**: Courage
- **包括 (bāokuò)**: To include
- **从现在起 (cóng xiànzài qǐ)**: From now on
- **注意 (zhùyì)**: To pay attention to
- **安全 (ānquán)**: Safety
- **项目 (xiàngmù)**: Project
- **没想到 (Méi xiǎngdào)**: Didn't expect (in a good way)
- **随机 (suíjī)**: Random
- **尴尬 (gāngà)**: Awkward; embarrassing
- **量 (liàng)**: Quantity
- **失去 (shīqù)**: To lose
- **自由 (zìyóu)**: Freedom
- **矛盾 (máodùn)**: Contradiction
- **憎恨 (zēnghèn)**: Hatred
- **倾向 (qīngxiàng)**: Tendency
- **假的 (Jiǎde)**: Fake
- **骗 (Piàn)**: Cheated/Deceived
- **小白 (xiǎobái)**: Little White -> Beginner
- **韭菜 (Jiǔcài)**: Chinese Chives/Leeks
- **无数 (wúshù)**: Limitless
- **我感冒了 (Wǒ gǎnmàole)**: I have a cold
- **传染 (chuánrǎn)**: to infect
- **他是我的最爱 (Tā shì wǒ de zuì ài)**: She is my favorite
- **你理发了! (Nǐ lǐfàle!)**: You got a haircut!
- **有期待 (yǒu qídài)**: Have expectations / Look forward to something
- **你的日语课伤得怎么样？ (Nǐ de rìyǔ kè shāng dé zěnme yàng?)**: How is your Japanese class going?
- **眼睛 (yǎn jīng)**: eye
- **亚马逊 (Yàmǎxùn)**: Amazon
- **我在亚马逊上买的 (Wǒ zài yàmǎxùn shang mǎi de)**: I bought them from amazon
- **冲绳 (Chōngshéng)**: Okinawa
- **他不想和我聊天 (Tā bùxiǎng hé wǒ liáotiān)**: She doesn't want to chat with me
- **农村 (nóng cūn)**: countryside
- **我的朋友有个面试，我需要带她去 (Wǒ de péngyǒu yǒu gè miànshì, wǒ xūyào dài tā qù)**: My friend has a job interview, and I need to take him with me.
- **助教 (Zhùjiào)**: Teaching assistant
- **你收到面试通知了吗 (Nǐ shōu dào miànshì tōngzhīle ma)**: Have you received an interview invitation?
- **明天是你的第一个面试 (Míngtiān shì nǐ de dì yī gè miànshì)**: Tomorrow is your first interview.
- **我觉得他们是日本人 (Wǒ juédé tāmen shì rìběn rén)**: I think they are Japanese.
- **我们有一个弟兄，他始中医，也许他可以帮我 (Wǒmen yǒu yīgè dìxiōng, tā shǐ zhōngyī, yěxǔ tā kěyǐ bāng wǒ)**: We have a brother who practices traditional Chinese medicine; perhaps he can help me.

### People & Relationships

- **你是真男人 (Nǐ shì zhēn nánrén)**: You are a real man!
- **前妻 (qiánqī)**: Ex-wife
- **前夫 (qiánfū)**: Ex-husband
- **前任 (qiánrèn)**: Ex (gender-neutral)
- **老婆 (lǎopó)**: Wife (endearing term)
- **客户 (kèhù)**: Client
- **发型师 (fǎxíng shī)**: Hairdresser
- **传统的日本人 (Chuántǒng de rìběn rén)**: Traditional Japanese Person
- **单身 (dān shēn)**: Single
- **他有点儿严格 (Tā yǒudiǎn er yángé)**: He's a bit strict

### Actions & Verbs

- **留胡子 (liú húzǐ)**: To grow a beard
- **被封了 (bèi fēngle)**: To get banned
- **记得 (jìdé)**: To remember
- **陷入 (xiànrù)**: To fall into / be caught by
- **付出 (fùchū)**: To pay; to expend (cost)
- **骑车 (qí chē)**: To ride a bike
- **开车 (kāichē)**: To drive a car
- **谈 (tán)**: To talk
- **休息 (xiūxí)**: To rest / take a break
- **遇到 (yù)**: To encounter
- **体验 (tǐyàn)**: To experience
- **处理 (chǔlǐ)**: To deal with / handle
- **偷偷 (tōutōu)**: Secretly
- **请客 (Nǐ qǐngkè!)**: Your treat!

### Feelings & Emotions

- **麻烦 (máfan)**: Troublesome
- **担心 (dānxīn)**: Worried
- **悲伤 (bēishāng)**: Sadness
- **惊讶 (jīngyà)**: Surprised
- **愤怒 (fènnù)**: Rage
- **激动 (jīdòng)**: Excited (intensely)
- **压力 (yālì)**: Pressure; stress
- **放松 (fàngsōng)**: Relaxed
- **肉疼 (ròuténg)**: Pain from spending a lot of money
- **爽 (shuǎng)**: To feel good (colloquial)
- **她非常有耐心 (Tā fēicháng yǒu nàixīn)**: She is very patient.

### Medical & Health

- **个人医疗指示 (Gèrén yīliáo zhǐshì)**: Personal medical directive
- **绝不输入 (juébù shūrù)**: Never transfuse
- **全血 (quánxuè)**: Whole blood
- **红细胞 (hóngxìbāo)**: Red blood cells
- **白细胞 (báixìbāo)**: White blood cells
- **血小板 (xuèxiǎobǎn)**: Platelets
- **血浆 (xuèjiāng)**: Plasma
- **治疗 (zhìliáo)**: Treatment
- **放弃 (fàngqì)**: To give up
- **安眠药 (Ānmiányào)**: Sleeping pills
- **我的头还是很晕 (Wǒ de tóu háishì hěn yūn)**: My head is still spinning
- **最近流感在中国非常严重 (Zuìjìn liúgǎn zài zhōngguó fēicháng yánzhòng)**: Lately the flu in China is very serious
- **中医 (Zhōngyī)**: Traditional Chinese Medicine

### Technology & Gaming

- **生存刀 (Shēngcún dāo)**: Survival Knife
- **指甲刀 (Zhǐjiǎ dāo)**: Nail Clippers
- **账号 (zhànghào)**: Account (e.g., online)
- **评测 (píngcè)**: Review (of a product)
- **电量 (diànliàng)**: Battery life
- **发热 (fārè)**: To generate heat
- **游戏配件 (Yóuxì pèijiàn)**: Gaming accessories
- **握把 (wòbǎ)**: A grip
- **保护膜 (bǎohù mó)**: Protective film / Screen protector
- **保护套 (bǎohù tào)**: Protective case
- **充电宝 (chōngdiàn bǎo)**: Battery pack / Power bank
- **数据线 (shùjù xiàn)**: Data cable
- **掌机 (zhǎng jī)**: Handheld console
- **3D打印 (3D dǎyìn)**: 3D Printing

### Weather - 2025-11-17

- **天气 (Tiānqì)**: Weather
- **晴天 (Qíngtiān)**: Sunny Day
- **多云 (Duōyún)**: Cloudy
- **下雨 (Xià yǔ)**: To Rain
- **下雪 (Xià xuě)**: Its snowing
- **冷 (Lěng)**: Cold
- **热 (Rè)**: Hot
- **舒服 (Shūfu)**: Comfortable (ADJ)
- **天气预报 (Tiānqì yùbào)**: Weather Forecast

**Sentences:**
- 今天天气怎么样？ (Jīntiān tiānqì zěnme yàng?) - How's the weather today?
- 今天晴天 (Jīntiān qíngtiān) - It's sunny today
- 今天下雨，记得带伞 (Jīntiān xià yǔ, jìdé dài sǎn) - It's raining today, remember to bring an umbrella.
- 今天下雪，别出去了，在家玩儿游戏吧 (Jīntiān xià xuě, bié chūqùle, zài jiā wán'er yóuxì ba) - It's snowing today, don't go out, stay home and play games.

## Conversations

### Dinner Preparation

- **Wife**: 亲爱的，今天晚上想吃什么？ (Honey, what do you want to eat tonight?)
- **Husband**: 随便，你做什么我都喜欢。(Whatever, I like anything you make.)
- **Wife**: 那我做你最喜欢的红烧肉好不好？(Then how about I make your favorite braised pork?)
- **Husband**: 太好了！谢谢老婆。(Great! Thank you, love.)

### Coincidental Meeting at a Coffee Shop

- **S**: 哎？JS! 你也在这里啊，好巧！ (Huh? JS! You're here too? What a coincidence!)
- **JS**: 哎？Spencer? 真的是你！最近怎么样啊？好久不见了？ (Huh? Spencer? It's really you! How have you been? Long time no see!)
- **S**: 是啊，世界真小！要不要一起坐一会儿，聊聊天儿? (Yes, it’s a small world! Do you want to sit for a while and chat?)

### Discussing the Weather

- **A**: 你好, 今天很热, 你也是来乘凉吗? (Hello, it's very hot today. Are you also here to cool off?)
- **B**: 对啊，又热又吵。(Yes, it's hot and humid.)
- **A**: 你有什么降暑的好方法吗？ (Do you have any good ways to beat the heat?)
- **B**: 留在家里吹空调。(Stay at home and blast the air conditioning.)

### Personal Conversation - 2025-12-04

- 你想好怎么说了吗? (Nǐ xiǎng hǎo zěnme shuōle ma?): Have you figured out how to phrase it? / Have you decided what you're going to say? (Someone is preparing to communicate something important)
- 取笑你 (Qǔxiào nǐ): Make fun of you
- 我知道的不多。(Wǒ zhīdào de bù duō.): I don't know much.
- 猜的 (Cāi de): I guessed it
- 你猜对了 (Nǐ cāi duìle): You guessed right.
- 她是一个先驱 (Tā shì yīgè xiānqū): She is a pioneer
- 会众 (Huìzhòng): Congregation
- 本地建筑设计委员会 (Běndì jiànzhú shèjì wěiyuánhuì): LDC
- 电工 (Diàngōng): electrician
- 两个月之前 (Liǎng gè yuè zhīqián): Two months ago
- 你喜欢她什么 (Nǐ xǐhuān tā shénme?): What do you like about her?
- 她一直去传道，也有很多属灵的特质。(Tā yīzhí qù chuándào, yěyǒu hěnduō shǔ líng de tèzhì.): She always in service, and has many spiritual qualities
- 她的评论很好 (Tā de pínglùn hěn hǎo): Her comments are good.
- 这不是我的计划。(Zhè bùshì wǒ de jìhuà.): This wasn't my plan
- 我不会抱怨 (Wǒ bù huì bàoyuàn): I have no complaints
- 她的家人都是我们的朋友吗？(Tā de jiārén dōu shì wǒmen de péngyǒu ma?): Her family is our friends?
- 你们怎么沟通呢？(Nǐmen zěnme gōutōng ne?): How to confess?
- 菲律宾的语言 (Fēilǜbīn de yǔyán): Filipino language
- 东京 (Dōngjīng): Tokyo
- 她在东京出生。(Tā zài dōngjīng chūshēng.): She was born in Tokyo.
- 她想去SKE (Tā xiǎng qù SKE)
- 你什么时候会和她见面？(Nǐ shénme shíhòu huì hé tā jiànmiàn?)
- 明天我们不见面，但接下来的几天都会见面。(Míngtiān wǒmen bù jiànmiàn, dàn jiē xiàlái de jǐ tiān dou1 huì jiànmiàn.): Tomorrow I don't meet, but the next few days will meet
- 见面的时候你想跟她说什么呢？(Jiànmiàn de shíhòu nǐ xiǎng gēn tā shuō shénme ne?): At the time of meeting, what do you want to do with her?
- 保龄球 (Bǎolíngqiú): bowling
- 我不可以跳舞💃 (Wǒ bù kěyǐ tiàowǔ 💃): I can't dance 💃
- 我想跟她结婚，因为我喜欢她，而不是因为她是日本人。(Wǒ xiǎng gēn tā jiéhūn, yīnwèi wǒ xǐhuān tā, ér bùshì yīnwèi tā shì rìběn rén.): I want to marry her because I love her, not because she is Japanese.
- 电视剧 (Diànshìjù): TV drama
- 你打算什么时候跟那个姐妹表白呢？(Nǐ dǎsuàn shénme shíhòu gēn nàgè jiěmèi biǎobái ne?): When do you plan to confess to that girl?
- 合适的时间 (Héshì de shíjiān): right time
- 你打算怎么跟她说？(Nǐ dǎsuàn zěnme gēn tā shuō?)
- 当局者迷，旁观者清 (Dāngjúzhěmí, pángguānzhěqīng): Those involved are often confused, while bystanders see things clearly.
- 女性朋友 (Nǚxìng péngyǒu): female friends
- 拉锁 (la1suo3): zipper
- 有点奇怪 (Yǒudiǎn qíguài): A bit strange
- 她想坐你的车 (Tā xiǎng zuò nǐ de chē): She wants to ride in your car.
- 最近每天晚上都给你发信息。(Zuìjìn měitiān wǎnshàng dū gěi nǐ fā xìnxī.): She sends you messages every night recently.

### Talking about Economy - 2025-11-24

**经济 (Jīngjì)**: Economy

**Conversation**
- 师傅，最近生意怎么样呢？(Shīfu, zuìjìn shēngyì zěnme yàng ne?): Sir, How's business been lately?
    - _Shīfù translates into "Master", but more so means "sir" in this case. Used to address somebody who has a skill in a respectful way_
- 最近不太好 (Zuìjìn bù tài hǎo): Lately not that good.
- 疫情之后,各行各业都不太好 (Yìqíng zhīhòu, gè háng gè yè dōu bù tài hǎo): Since the pandemic, things have been rough for all businesses
    - _各行各业 // gēn háng gè yè // Chinese Idiom for "All Industries/Business"_
- 对啊，什么都涨，就是工资不涨 (Duì a，shénme dōu zhǎng, jiùshì gōngzī bù zhǎng): Yea, everything is going up, except for wages
- 师傅，你觉得以后经济会怎么样？(Shīfù, nǐ juédé yǐhòu jīngjì huì zěnme yàng?): Master, what do you think the economy will be like in the future?
- 以后可能会越来越不好 (Yǐhòu kěnéng huì yuè lái yuè bù hǎo): Future probably will be more and more not good

## Cultural Notes, Idioms & Slang

- **有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (Yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū)**: "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from afar."
- **人山人海 (Rénshānrénhǎi)**: "People mountain, people sea." An idiom describing huge crowds.
- **心静自然凉 (Xīnjìng zìrán liáng)**: "A calm heart keeps you naturally cool."
- **亦敌亦友 (Yì dí yì yǒu)**: Frenemies.
- **厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)**: "Thick-skinned." Not easily affected by criticism.
- **冲手法 (Chōng shǒufǎ)**: Rushing to be the first to buy a new product.
- **废了 (fèile)**: Slang for feeling exhausted.
- **虎 (hǔ)**: Slang for fierce or reckless.
- **电子阳痿 (Diànzǐ yángwěi)**: "Electronic impotence." Buying many games but lacking the motivation to play them.
- **猫屎咖啡 (Māo shǐ kāfēi)**: "Cat poop coffee" (Kopi luwak).
- **Spring Festival Customs**: Notes on traditions like **春联 (Chūnlián)** (Spring Couplets) and the character **福 (fú)** (blessing/fortune).
- **"Wife and Mother in Water" Dilemma**: A classic tricky question: "If your mother and I fell into the water, who would you save first?"
- **被割韭菜 (bèi gē jiǔcài)**: "To be cut like leeks." An idiom for being repeatedly exploited financially, especially when new to something. 
    - *Example*: 每天都有无数小白被割韭菜 (Měitiān doū yǒu wúshù xiǎobái bèi gē jiǔcài) - Every day, countless beginners are taken advantage of.
    - *Example*: 你被割韭菜了 (Nǐ bèi gē jiǔcàile) - You've been taken advantage of.