71 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
71 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
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---
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# Last Weeks Homework
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Synopsis for Japanese Class_2026-01-14.md:
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This class covered new vocabulary including `少しずつ` (little by little), `自由` (freedom), and `自動販売機` (vending machine). New grammar points included connecting sentences with `と` for natural consequences, and using `ながら` for multi-tasking.
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# Random Words
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- 育てる -> そだてる -> To Raise (transitive)
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- 育つ -> そだつ -> To raise (intransitive)
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- 習慣 -> しゅうかん -> Habit/Custom
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- 変わる -> かわる -> To change (intransitive)
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- 変える -> かえる -> To change (transitive)
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- 噓をつく -> To Tell a lie
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# Main Point
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## Using の as a placeholder
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You can use の as a placeholder for an aforementioned object. We know this already
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A: 何が好きですか？
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B: 時計が好きです。
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A: どちらのが好きです？
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B：たかいのがすきです。
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For verbs, we can't use a conjugated form, we have to use the dictionary form (ふつうけい), and then stick の after it. This changes the verb to a noun, and makes it available to use as a subject/topic
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歌うのは楽しいです
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The verb is 歌う, which is a verb. We stick の after it, the dictionary form, and this turns it into a noun. It can be in present or past tense, and it can be in positive or negative form, but it has to be in regular form, NOT polite form.
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- 温泉に入るのが好きです
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- I like being in an Onsen
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- 携帯を使いながら自転車に乗るのは危ないです
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- Using a phone while riding a bike is dangerous
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- 子供を育てるのは大変です。
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- Raising a child is very hard
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- 習慣を変えるのは難しいです
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- Changing a habit is difficult
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- 一か月でN1の試験に合格するのは無理です
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- It's impossible to pass the N1 exam in just one month.
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- 噓をつくのはまずいです
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- Lying is bad
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- 私はAさんが中国語を勉強しているのを知っています
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- I know that A-san is studying Chinese
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- Notice: you can use の for other things to, not just before は. It turns the entire verb phrase into a noun.
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- 私はAさんがタバコを吸わないのを知っています
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- I know that Aーさん doesn't smoke.
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- Notice: You can use it for negative sentences too.
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- 彼はBさんたちが来月に結婚するのを知っています。
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- He knows that B and her partner are getting married next month.
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- 彼女はBさんに赤ちゃんが生まれたのを知っています
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- She knows that B-San *had* a baby
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- Notice: This is using PAST tense. It can be in any tense, but needs to be in regular form still.
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- 彼女は九時半に会議があるのを覚えています
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- She remembered she had a meeting at 9:30
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- 彼女は四年前にこの人と会ったのを覚えています
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- She remembers meeting this person four years ago.
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- お医者さんから、"お酒を飲んではいけない"、と言われたのを覚えています
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- I remember the doctor telling me not to drink alcohol.
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# Supplementary Notes
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## Describing Body States
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When describing a person's current physical state (like being slim or overweight), it's common to use the `～ている` form of a verb. This describes the result of a change that has occurred and is ongoing. This is different from using a simple い-adjective, which often describes the inherent quality of an object.
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- 痩せる -> やせる -> To become slim
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- 痩せている -> (He/She) is slim (existing in a slim state)
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- 太る -> ふとる -> To become fat
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- 太っている -> (He/She) is fat (existing in a state of being fat)
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Compare this with an い-adjective like `太い` (futoi), which means "thick" or "fat." You would use this for objects or specific body parts, not typically to describe a person's overall state in a polite context.
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- e.g., `太い腕` (futoi ude) -> A thick arm.
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