"vault backup: 2026-05-14 13:55:34 from Flow"

10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-05-14.md

@@ -18,63 +18,119 @@ processed: false
 
 
 # Main Point
-## Using います・あります with　じどうし・たどうし
+## Resulting States: じどうし + ています vs. たどうし + てあります
-When using じどうし or たどうし, and conjugate them to て form, we have to put different verbs after it.
 
-For じどうし、which is intransitive verbs, we stick "います" after.
+When you want to describe the **current state something is in as a result of an action**, you use Vて + います or Vて + あります — which one depends on whether the verb is intransitive or transitive.
 
-For たどうし, which is transitive verbs, we stick "あります" after it.
+- **じどうし** (intransitive) — the subject acts on *itself*. No object. The thing just *is* in a state.
+- **たどうし** (transitive) — someone acts *on* something else. There's an agent and an object.
 
-ドアーが開いています
+---
-Door opened. It opened by itself. You don't know who opened it. It might of opened automatically.
 
-彼はドアーを開けてあります.
+### The Two Patterns
-HE opened the door. We know now. We use transitive. 
 
-Can also use いました or ありました to denote it happened in the past.
+| Type | Formula | Nuance |
+|---|---|---|
+| じどうし | **[Object]が [じどうし]ています** | The thing is in a state. Agent unknown or irrelevant. |
+| たどうし | **[Agent]は [Object]を [たどうし]てあります** | Someone *intentionally* put it in that state. |
+
+> Use **いました / ありました** for past states.
+
+---
+
+### Core Contrast
+
+ドアが開いています
+Doa ga aite imasu
+The door is open. (It opened — maybe on its own, maybe someone did it, doesn't matter.)
+
+彼はドアを開けてあります
+Kare wa doa wo akete arimasu
+He has opened the door. (He did it on purpose. We know who.)
+
+---
+
+### Common じどうし・たどうし Pairs
+
+| じどうし (int.) | たどうし (tr.) | Meaning |
+|---|---|---|
+| 開く (あく) | 開ける (あける) | to open |
+| 閉まる (しまる) | 閉める (しめる) | to close |
+| 消える (きえる) | 消す (けす) | to go out / to turn off |
+| 冷える (ひえる) | 冷やす (ひやす) | to get cold / to cool |
+| 入る (はいる) | 入れる (いれる) | to be inside / to insert |
+
+---
 
 ### Examples
+
+**じどうし + ています**
+
+飲み物は冷蔵庫で冷えています
+Nomimono wa reizouko de hiete imasu
+The drinks are chilling in the refrigerator.
+- 冷える is intransitive — the drinks are just *in the state* of being cold.
+
+パスポートが入っています
+Pasupooto ga haitte imasu
+The passport is (inside the drawer).
+- 入る is intransitive — it's just in there.
+
+運転するときにパスポートを持っています
+Unten suru toki ni pasupooto wo motte imasu
+I carry my passport when I drive.
+
+スーパーに行く時に家にパスポートを置いています
+Suupaa ni iku toki ni ie ni pasupooto wo oite imasu
+I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket.
+
+---
+
+**たどうし + てあります**
+
 彼は窓を閉めてありました
+Kare wa mado wo shimete arimashita
 He had closed the window.
-	Note: Transitive because somebody or something intentionally did the action
+- 閉める is transitive — he did it intentionally.
 
 テレビを消してありました
+Terebi wo keshite arimashita
 The TV had been turned off.
-	Note: No subject here, but still using transitive because we know *somebody* turned the TV off, its implied, it didn't do it by itself. 
+- No explicit subject, but *somebody* switched it off. Didn't turn itself off.
 
 家を掃除してありました
+Ie wo soujishite arimashita
 The house had been cleaned.
 
-飲み物は冷蔵庫で冷えっています
+パーティーのために、私は飲み物を冷蔵庫で冷やしてありました
-The drinks are chilling in the refrigerator.
+Paatii no tame ni, watashi wa nomimono wo reizouko de hiyashite arimashita
+For the party, I had kept the drinks chilled in the refrigerator.
+- Same situation as the じどうし example above, but now *I* am the agent doing it intentionally.
 
-パーティーのために、私は飲み物を隷属で冷やしてありました
+パスポートは机に入れてあります
-For the party, I had kept the drinks chilled in the cellar.
+Pasupooto wa tsukue ni irete arimasu
-　Note: Similar sentence as above, but there's a subject here (わたし), so we use たどうし
+My passport has been put in the drawer.
-
+- 入れる is transitive — someone (me) put it there.
-花がテーブルの上に置かれています
-Flowers are placed on the table.
-	おく does not have たどうし・じどうし, so we use Passive Verb (うけみけい)
-
-カレンダーが壁に掛けられています
-The calendar is hanging on the wall.
-	Note: Same as above.
-
-Passportは机に入れてあります
-My passport was put in the drawer
-
-Passportが入っています
-The passport was inserted into the drawer (じどうし)
 
 スペンサーは昼ご飯を作ってありますか？
+Supensaa wa hirugohan wo tsukutte arimasu ka?
 Has Spencer made lunch?
 
 昼ご飯はまだ作ってありません
+Hirugohan wa mada tsukutte arimasen
 I haven't made lunch yet.
 
-運転するときにpassportを持っています
+---
-I carry my passport when I drive.
 
-スーパーを行く時に家にPassportを置いています
+### Edge Case: Verbs With No Intransitive Form
-I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket.
+
+Some verbs — like **おく** (to place) and **かける** (to hang) — don't have an intransitive counterpart. For these, use the **passive form (うけみけい)** instead.
+
+花がテーブルの上に置かれています
+Hana ga teeburu no ue ni okarete imasu
+Flowers are placed on the table.
+
+カレンダーが壁に掛けられています
+Karendaa ga kabe ni kakerarete imasu
+The calendar is hanging on the wall.