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"vault backup: 2026-05-14 14:00:39 from Flow"

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Spencer Grimes
2026-05-14 14:00:39 +09:00
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10-Input/Classes/Japanese Class_2026-05-14.md
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@@ -41,11 +41,9 @@ When you want to describe the **current state something is in as a result of an
### Core Contrast ### Core Contrast
ドアが開いています ドアが開いています
Doa ga aite imasu
The door is open. (It opened — maybe on its own, maybe someone did it, doesn't matter.) The door is open. (It opened — maybe on its own, maybe someone did it, doesn't matter.)
彼はドアを開けてあります 彼はドアを開けてあります
Kare wa doa wo akete arimasu
He has opened the door. (He did it on purpose. We know who.) He has opened the door. (He did it on purpose. We know who.)
--- ---
@@ -67,21 +65,17 @@ He has opened the door. (He did it on purpose. We know who.)
**じどうし + ています** **じどうし + ています**
飲み物は冷蔵庫で冷えています 飲み物は冷蔵庫で冷えています
Nomimono wa reizouko de hiete imasu
The drinks are chilling in the refrigerator. The drinks are chilling in the refrigerator.
- 冷える is intransitive — the drinks are just *in the state* of being cold. - 冷える is intransitive — the drinks are just *in the state* of being cold.
パスポートが入っています パスポートが入っています
Pasupooto ga haitte imasu
The passport is (inside the drawer). The passport is (inside the drawer).
- 入る is intransitive — it's just in there. - 入る is intransitive — it's just in there.
運転するときにパスポートを持っています 運転するときにパスポートを持っています
Unten suru toki ni pasupooto wo motte imasu
I carry my passport when I drive. I carry my passport when I drive.
スーパーに行く時に家にパスポートを置いています スーパーに行く時に家にパスポートを置いています
Suupaa ni iku toki ni ie ni pasupooto wo oite imasu
I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket. I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket.
--- ---
@@ -89,35 +83,28 @@ I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket.
**たどうし + てあります** **たどうし + てあります**
彼は窓を閉めてありました 彼は窓を閉めてありました
Kare wa mado wo shimete arimashita
He had closed the window. He had closed the window.
- 閉める is transitive — he did it intentionally. - 閉める is transitive — he did it intentionally.
テレビを消してありました テレビを消してありました
Terebi wo keshite arimashita
The TV had been turned off. The TV had been turned off.
- No explicit subject, but *somebody* switched it off. Didn't turn itself off. - No explicit subject, but *somebody* switched it off. Didn't turn itself off.
家を掃除してありました 家を掃除してありました
Ie wo soujishite arimashita
The house had been cleaned. The house had been cleaned.
パーティーのために、私は飲み物を冷蔵庫で冷やしてありました パーティーのために、私は飲み物を冷蔵庫で冷やしてありました
Paatii no tame ni, watashi wa nomimono wo reizouko de hiyashite arimashita
For the party, I had kept the drinks chilled in the refrigerator. For the party, I had kept the drinks chilled in the refrigerator.
- Same situation as the じどうし example above, but now *I* am the agent doing it intentionally. - Same situation as the じどうし example above, but now *I* am the agent doing it intentionally.
パスポートは机に入れてあります パスポートは机に入れてあります
Pasupooto wa tsukue ni irete arimasu
My passport has been put in the drawer. My passport has been put in the drawer.
- 入れる is transitive — someone (me) put it there. - 入れる is transitive — someone (me) put it there.
スペンサーは昼ご飯を作ってありますか？ スペンサーは昼ご飯を作ってありますか？
Supensaa wa hirugohan wo tsukutte arimasu ka?
Has Spencer made lunch? Has Spencer made lunch?
昼ご飯はまだ作ってありません 昼ご飯はまだ作ってありません
Hirugohan wa mada tsukutte arimasen
I haven't made lunch yet. I haven't made lunch yet.
--- ---
@@ -127,10 +114,8 @@ I haven't made lunch yet.
Some verbs — like **おく** (to place) and **かける** (to hang) — don't have an intransitive counterpart. For these, use the **passive form (うけみけい)** instead. Some verbs — like **おく** (to place) and **かける** (to hang) — don't have an intransitive counterpart. For these, use the **passive form (うけみけい)** instead.
花がテーブルの上に置かれています 花がテーブルの上に置かれています
Hana ga teeburu no ue ni okarete imasu
Flowers are placed on the table. Flowers are placed on the table.
カレンダーが壁に掛けられています カレンダーが壁に掛けられています
Karendaa ga kabe ni kakerarete imasu
The calendar is hanging on the wall. The calendar is hanging on the wall.