"vault backup: 2026-05-14 14:00:39 from Flow"
This commit is contained in:
@@ -41,11 +41,9 @@ When you want to describe the **current state something is in as a result of an
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### Core Contrast
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### Core Contrast
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ドアが開いています
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ドアが開いています
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Doa ga aite imasu
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The door is open. (It opened — maybe on its own, maybe someone did it, doesn't matter.)
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The door is open. (It opened — maybe on its own, maybe someone did it, doesn't matter.)
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彼はドアを開けてあります
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彼はドアを開けてあります
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Kare wa doa wo akete arimasu
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He has opened the door. (He did it on purpose. We know who.)
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He has opened the door. (He did it on purpose. We know who.)
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---
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---
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@@ -67,21 +65,17 @@ He has opened the door. (He did it on purpose. We know who.)
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**じどうし + ています**
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**じどうし + ています**
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飲み物は冷蔵庫で冷えています
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飲み物は冷蔵庫で冷えています
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Nomimono wa reizouko de hiete imasu
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The drinks are chilling in the refrigerator.
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The drinks are chilling in the refrigerator.
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- 冷える is intransitive — the drinks are just *in the state* of being cold.
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- 冷える is intransitive — the drinks are just *in the state* of being cold.
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パスポートが入っています
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パスポートが入っています
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Pasupooto ga haitte imasu
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The passport is (inside the drawer).
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The passport is (inside the drawer).
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- 入る is intransitive — it's just in there.
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- 入る is intransitive — it's just in there.
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運転するときにパスポートを持っています
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運転するときにパスポートを持っています
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Unten suru toki ni pasupooto wo motte imasu
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I carry my passport when I drive.
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I carry my passport when I drive.
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スーパーに行く時に家にパスポートを置いています
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スーパーに行く時に家にパスポートを置いています
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Suupaa ni iku toki ni ie ni pasupooto wo oite imasu
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I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket.
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I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket.
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---
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@@ -89,35 +83,28 @@ I leave my passport at home when I go to the supermarket.
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**たどうし + てあります**
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**たどうし + てあります**
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彼は窓を閉めてありました
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彼は窓を閉めてありました
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Kare wa mado wo shimete arimashita
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He had closed the window.
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He had closed the window.
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- 閉める is transitive — he did it intentionally.
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- 閉める is transitive — he did it intentionally.
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テレビを消してありました
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テレビを消してありました
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Terebi wo keshite arimashita
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The TV had been turned off.
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The TV had been turned off.
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- No explicit subject, but *somebody* switched it off. Didn't turn itself off.
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- No explicit subject, but *somebody* switched it off. Didn't turn itself off.
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家を掃除してありました
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家を掃除してありました
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Ie wo soujishite arimashita
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The house had been cleaned.
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The house had been cleaned.
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パーティーのために、私は飲み物を冷蔵庫で冷やしてありました
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パーティーのために、私は飲み物を冷蔵庫で冷やしてありました
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Paatii no tame ni, watashi wa nomimono wo reizouko de hiyashite arimashita
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For the party, I had kept the drinks chilled in the refrigerator.
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For the party, I had kept the drinks chilled in the refrigerator.
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- Same situation as the じどうし example above, but now *I* am the agent doing it intentionally.
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- Same situation as the じどうし example above, but now *I* am the agent doing it intentionally.
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パスポートは机に入れてあります
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パスポートは机に入れてあります
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Pasupooto wa tsukue ni irete arimasu
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My passport has been put in the drawer.
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My passport has been put in the drawer.
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- 入れる is transitive — someone (me) put it there.
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- 入れる is transitive — someone (me) put it there.
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スペンサーは昼ご飯を作ってありますか?
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スペンサーは昼ご飯を作ってありますか?
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Supensaa wa hirugohan wo tsukutte arimasu ka?
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Has Spencer made lunch?
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Has Spencer made lunch?
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昼ご飯はまだ作ってありません
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昼ご飯はまだ作ってありません
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Hirugohan wa mada tsukutte arimasen
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I haven't made lunch yet.
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I haven't made lunch yet.
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---
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---
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@@ -127,10 +114,8 @@ I haven't made lunch yet.
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Some verbs — like **おく** (to place) and **かける** (to hang) — don't have an intransitive counterpart. For these, use the **passive form (うけみけい)** instead.
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Some verbs — like **おく** (to place) and **かける** (to hang) — don't have an intransitive counterpart. For these, use the **passive form (うけみけい)** instead.
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花がテーブルの上に置かれています
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花がテーブルの上に置かれています
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Hana ga teeburu no ue ni okarete imasu
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Flowers are placed on the table.
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Flowers are placed on the table.
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カレンダーが壁に掛けられています
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カレンダーが壁に掛けられています
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Karendaa ga kabe ni kakerarete imasu
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The calendar is hanging on the wall.
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The calendar is hanging on the wall.
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