175 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
175 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: Classes
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title: 04/16/2025 - Japanese Class
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date: '2025-04-16'
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---
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# **I. Basic Vocabulary:**
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- **授業 (じゅぎょう) - Jugyō:** Class (as in a lesson or course)
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- **席 (せき) - Seki:** Seat
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- **かばん - Kaban:** Bag (general term for briefcase, purse, etc.)
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- **記念式 (きねんしき) - Kinen-shiki:** Memorial (often refers to a ceremony or commemoration)
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- **教室 (きょうしつ) - Kyōshitsu:** Classroom (literally "teaching room")
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- **教師 (きょうし) - Kyōshi:** Teacher (literally "teaching person" - used when introducing yourself, not the honorific "先生 - sensei")
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- **黒板 (こくばん) - Kokuban:** Blackboard
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- **リュックサック (ryukkusakku):** Backpack
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- The Japanese word **リュックサック (ryukkusakku)** comes directly from the German word **"Rucksack."**
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- **鉛筆 (えんぴつ) - Enpitsu:** Pencil
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- **パソコン (pasokon):** Personal computer
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- **テレビ (terebi):** Television
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- **開拓者 (かいたくしゃ) - Kaitaku-sha:** Pioneer
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# **II. Counting (General Counter - つ - tsu):**
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- **一つ (ひとつ) - Hitotsu:** One (thing)
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- **二つ (ふたつ) - Futatsu:** Two (things)
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- **三つ (みっつ) - Mittsu:** Three (things)
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- **四つ (よっつ) - Yottsu:** Four (things)
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- **五つ (いつつ) - Itsutsu:** Five (things)
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- **六つ (むっつ) - Muttsu:** Six (things)
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- **七つ (ななつ) - Nanatsu:** Seven (things)
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- **八つ (やっつ) - Yattsu:** Eight (things)
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- **九つ (ここのつ) - Kokonotsu:** Nine (things)
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- **十 (とお) - Tō:** Ten (things)
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- **十一個 (じゅういっこ) - Jū-ikko:** Eleven (things)
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- **十二個 (じゅうにこ) - Jū-niko:** Twelve (things)
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- **十三個 (じゅうさんこ) - Jū-sanko:** Thirteen (things)
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- **十四個 (じゅうよんこ) - Jū-yonko:** Fourteen (things)
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- **十五個 (じゅうごこ) - Jū-goko:** Fifteen (things)
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- **十六個 (じゅうろっこ) - Jū-rokko:** Sixteen (things)
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- **十七個 (じゅうななつ/じゅうしちこ) - Jūnanatsu/Jūshichiko:** Seventeen (things)
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- **十八個 (じゅうはちこ) - Jū-hachiko:** Eighteen (things)
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- **十九個 (じゅうきゅうこ/じゅうくこ) - Jū-kyūko/Jū-kuko:** Nineteen (things)
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- **二十 (にじゅう) - Nijū:** Twenty (things)
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- **Note:** For numbers 11-19, you generally combine the number ten (十 - jū) with the counter -こ (-ko) for general counting. For 17 and 19, both "-nanatsu" and "-shichiko" (for 17), and "-kyūko" and "-kuko" (for 19) are possible, though "-ko" is more common in modern usage for these higher numbers.
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# **III. Times of Day:**
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- **午後 (ごご) - Gogo:** Afternoon (PM)
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- **午後は二時に帰りました (ごご は にじ に かえりました) - Gogo wa niji ni kaerimashita:** I returned home at two in the afternoon.
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- **昼寝 (ひるね) - Hirune:** Nap (specifically taken in the afternoon)
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- **昼寝しませんでした、でも夕寝しました (ひるね しませんでした、でも ゆうね しました) - Hirune shimasen deshita, demo yūne shimashita:** I didn't take an afternoon nap, but I did take an evening nap.
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- **夕寝 (ゆうね) - Yūne:** Nap (taken in the evening)
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- **夕方 (ゆうがた) - Yūgata:** Early evening (around sunset)
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- **夕方に夕寝しました (ゆうがた に ゆうね しました) - Yūgata ni yūne shimashita:** I took a nap in the early evening.
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- **今日は (きょうは) - Kyō wa:** Today
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- **今日はsweet teaを飲みませんでした、でも水だけ飲みました (きょう は sweet tea を のみませんでした、でも みず だけ のみました) - Kyō wa sweet tea o nomimasen deshita, demo mizu dake nomimashita:** I didn't drink sweet tea today, but I only drank water.
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# **IV. Other Vocabulary and Grammar:**
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[image](Images/image%20(35).md)
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- **いくつか (ikutsu):** How many
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- **教室はカバンをふたつあります (きょうしつ は カバン を ふたつ あります) - Kyōshitsu wa kaban o futatsu arimasu:** There are two bags in the classroom. (Note: The particle は - wa - marks the topic, and を - o - marks the direct object.)
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- 教室 **(きょしつ) - Kyōshitsu:** Classroom
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- 教室**に教師がいます (きょしつ に きょうし が います) - Kyōshitsu ni kyōshi ga imasu:** The teacher is in the classroom. (Note: The particle に - ni - indicates the location where the teacher exists, and が - ga - marks the subject.)
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- **テレビは**教室**の左にあります (テレビ は きょしつ の ひだり に あります) - Terebi wa kyoshitsu no hidari ni arimasu:** The television is to the left of the room. (Note: の - no - connects nouns, and に - ni - indicates the location.)
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- **外 (そと) - Soto:** Outside
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- **外は犬がいます (そと は いぬ が います) - Soto wa inu ga imasu:** There is a dog outside. (Note: は - wa - marks the topic.)
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- **時計 (とけい) - Tokei:** Clock
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- **時計は黒板の上にあります (とけい は こくばん の うえ に あります) - Tokei wa kokuban no ue ni arimasu:** The clock is on the blackboard. (Note: の - no - connects nouns, and 上に - ue ni - means "on top of".)
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- **机 (つくえ) - Tsukue:** Desk
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- **リュックサックは机の上にあります (リュックサック は つくえ の うえ に あります) - Ryukkusakku wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu:** The backpack is on the desk.
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- **〜があります (〜があります) - ~ ga arimasu:** There is/are (for inanimate objects)
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- **鉛筆は二つがあります (えんぴつ は ふたつ が あります) - Enpitsu wa futatsu ga arimasu:** There are two pencils.
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- **明日は星があります (あした は ほし が あります) - Ashita wa hoshi ga arimasu:** Tomorrow there is service (likely referring to a religious service, "星" - hoshi - meaning "star" is unusual here and might be a misunderstanding or specific local term. It's more likely referring to 奉仕 (ほうし - hōshi) meaning service, especially religious service. However, sticking to the note: "Tomorrow there is service.")
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- **明日は仕事もあります (あした は しごと も あります) - Ashita wa shigoto mo arimasu:** Tomorrow there is also work.
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- **明日は学校もあります (あした は がっこう も あります) - Ashita wa gakkō mo arimasu:** Tomorrow there is also school.
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- **〜にいます (〜にいます) - ~ ni imasu:** There is/are (for animate objects)
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- **パソコンは先生の前にあります (パソコン は せんせい の まえ に あります) - Pasokon wa sensei no mae ni arimasu:** The computer is in front of the teacher. (Note: 前に - mae ni - means "in front of".)
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- **残り物 (のこりもの) - Nokorimono:** Leftovers
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- **今日は残り物を食べました (きょう は のこりもの を たべました) - Kyō wa nokorimono o tabemashita:** I ate leftovers today.
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- **も (mo):** Also
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- **カフェにいきます (kafe ni ikimasu):** I will go to a cafe.
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- **近郊にも行きます (きんこう に も いきます) - Kinkō ni mo ikimasu:** I will also go to the suburbs. (Note: 近郊 - kinkō - means suburbs or nearby area. The particle に - ni - indicates the destination.)
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- **図書館で本を読みます (としょかん で ほん を よみます) - Toshokan de hon o yomimasu:** I will read a book at the library. (Note: で - de - indicates the place where the action occurs.)
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- **うちでも本を読みます (うち で も ほん を よみます) - Uchi de mo hon o yomimasu:** I will also read a book at home.
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- **Grammar Note on も (mo) with Location Particles:** When using も (also) with location particles に (to/at) and で (at/in), the particles に and で come *before* も. This indicates "also to this place" or "also at this place."
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.png)
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[image](Images/image%20(38).md)
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- **ぐらい (gurai):** About, approximately (placed after a specific quantity or time)
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- **ほど (hodo):** About, approximately (similar to ぐらい but often used in more formal writing)
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- **どれぐらい (dore gurai):** How much / How long / How many (used when asking about an approximate amount or duration)
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- **〜ています (〜te imasu):** Present continuous tense (indicates an ongoing action or state)
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- **十年ぐらいしています (じゅうねん ぐらい しています) - Jūnen gurai shite imasu:** I have been doing it for about ten years. (The "it" depends on the context of the conversation.)
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Next Time
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87661187013 - 2485
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